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Cardiac meds
Cardiac Meds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chest discomfort arising from the heart due to lack of oxygen to the heart muscle | Angina Pectoris |
| Squeezing in the chest, pressure, tightness; choking; burning; heaviness; may radiate to neck, shoulder, jaw | Signs Angina Pectoris |
| Physical activity, exposure to cold, drinking caffeine-containing beverages, smoking, emotional stress, sexual intercourse, eating large meals | Precipitating factors Angina Pectoris |
| plaque buildup in blood vessels | Atherosclerosis |
| Attacks may last from 30 seconds to 30 minutes and are often described as feeling like someone or something is sitting on the chest. | Angina Pectoris |
| Precipitated by stress or exertion, short duration; Probable cause: fixed atherosclerotic obstruction | Chronic stable angina |
| Relieved by rest or nitroglycerin | Chronic stable angina |
| Unpredictable; changes in frequency, duration, and onset | Unstable angina |
| Probable cause: atherosclerosis and thrombus formation | Unstable angina |
| Occurs at rest, characteristic ECG changes | Variant angina |
| Probable cause: vasospasm of the coronary artery | Variant angina |
| Risk factors include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia | Angina Pectoris |
| Nitrates are the oldest of all the drugs and are very effective | Treatment of Angina |
| Nitrates Beta-adrenergic blocking agents ACE inhibitors Calcium channel blockers Fatty oxidase enzyme inhibitors Statins Platelet-active agents | Drugs for Treatment of Angina |
| Statins are not a standard in drug therapy t or F | False |
| Obtain history of attacks Precipitating factors Characterize attacks CNS involvement Cardiovascular signs Obtain medication history Prescription and nonprescription Effect of agents used on attacks Obtain nutritional history History of high chole | Nursing Process for Anginal Therapy |
| Manifests as confusion, restlessness, or irritability, as well as syncope and anxiety in Angina | CNS involvement |
| Signs include palpitations, peripheral pulses, and vital signs | Cardiovascular signs in Angina |
| Nitroglycerin—most common drug | Nitrates |
| Decreases oxygen demand on heart; dilates arteries and veins; reduces blood volume; decreases preload on heart | Actions ofNitrates |
| Drug of choice to treat angina pectoris | Uses if Nitrates |
| Excessive hypotension, prolonged headache, tolerance (with longer-acting nitrates) | Common adverse effects of Nitrates |
| ED drugs [sildenafil (Viagra)] can potentially lower blood pressure | Nitrate drug interactions |
| Patients can develop tolerance, especially when large doses are administered frequently. Nitrate-free periods are necessary. t or F | True |
| May diminish ass patients become adjusted to nitrate therapy | headaches |
| Reason drugs used for erectile dysfunction such as sildenafil (Viagra) are contraindicated | May cause a fatal drop in blood pressure may occur. |
| Sublingual tablets—dissolve rapidly, primarily for acute attacks Sustained-release capsules, tablets, ointment, transmucosal tablets, and transdermal patches—used prophylactically to prevent anginal attacks Intravenous form | Nitrate forms of administration |
| Inform the patient of medication deterioration | every 6 months, nitroglycerin prescriptions should be refilled and a dark-colored glass container should be used for storage |
| Have patient sit or lie down ;Place nitro tablet under the tongue, allow to dissolve without swallowing saliva immediately If chest pain not relieved within 5 minutes, seek medical attention ;While waiting for emergency care, take 1 tablet 5 minutes late | Sublingual use for emergencies |
| Carry nitroglycerin at all times, but NOT in pocket directly next to the body Determine if agency policy permits nitroglycerin at bedside. Nurse still responsible for determining effectiveness Sublingual nitro may be given for acute attack | Nitrate patient ed |
| Allows for control release of nitroglycerin Don gloves and apply disk to clean, dry, hairless intact skin. Don’t shave hair or apply to scars, skinfolds or wounds. If disk dislodges, replace with new disk Dispose used patches out of the reach of childr | Transdermal disk administration |
| Remove for 8 to 12 hours to avoid tolerance | Transdermal disk administration |
| Therapy should start at low doses and work upward for patient tolerance. | Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents |
| Combination therapy with nitrates is more effective than using either drug alone | Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents |
| Block beta-adrenergic receptors in heart Reduce myocardial oxygen demand Reduce blood pressure | Actions of Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents |
| Reduce the number of anginal attacks Reduce nitroglycerin use | Uses of Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents |
| Patients with acute MI should receive beta blocker T or F | True |
| Potent vasodilators; have an overall effect on myocardial activity. | Calcium Channel Blockers |
| Should be used with caution in patients who may be developing heart failure | Calcium Channel Blockers |
| Inhibit flow of calcium ions across cell membrane Reduce peripheral vascular resistance Improve coronary blood flow | Actions of Calcium Channel Blockers |
| Reduce incidence of MI, secondary prevention for patients with known coronary artery disease | Uses of Calcium Channel Blockers |
| Also recommended for patients with acute MI or heart failure with left systolic dysfunction. | ACE Inhibitors |
| Adverse effects such as dizziness, tachycardia, and fainting may occur within 3 hours after the first several doses | ACE Inhibitors |
| Promote vasodilation, minimize cellular aggregation, prevent thrombus formation | Actions of ACE Inhibitors |
| Reduce incidence of MI; secondary prevention for patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD | Uses of ACE Inhibitors |
Created by:
TutorDavis17
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