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Chapter 32
Pressure Ulcers
Question | Answer |
---|---|
A localized injury to the skin and /or underlying tissue, usually over a bony prominence is a _______________ ulcer. | Pressure |
A pressure ulcer is a result of pressure or pressure in combination with _____________. | Shear |
A __________ prominence is an area where the bone sticks out or projects from the flat surface of the body. | Bony |
Decubitus ulcer, bed sore, or pressure sore are other terms for _____________ __________. | Pressure ulcer |
What is it called when layers of the skin rub against each other? | Shear |
Shear can happen when the skin remains in place and underlying _______________ move and stretch tearing underlying capillaries and blood vessels. | Tissues |
What is the rubbing of one surface against another, when the skin is dragged across a surface? | Friction |
Older and ____________ persons are at great risk for pressure ulcers. | Disabled |
Common causes of skin breakdown include chronic diseases such as ____________ and high blood pressure. | Diabetes |
Common causes of skin breakdown include urinary and fecal ________________. | Incontinence |
Common causes of skin breakdown include ____________ and shearing. | Friction |
Persons at risk for pressure ulcers include those who are _____________ (confined to the bed) or chairfast (confined to a chair). | Bedfast |
Persons at risk for pressure ulcers include those who need some or total help ______________. | Moving |
Persons at risk for pressure ulcers include those who are ___________ or have involuntary muscle movement. | Agitated |
Persons at risk for pressure ulcers include those who have _____________ or fecal incontinence. | Urinary |
Persons at risk for pressure ulcers include those who are exposed to ________________ such as urine, feces, wound drainage, sweat, and saliva. | Moisture |
Persons at risk for pressure ulcers include those who have ___________ nutrition. | Poor |
Persons at risk for pressure ulcers include those who have poor _______ balance. | Fluid |
Persons at risk for pressure ulcers include those who have ____________ mental awareness and confusion. | Lowered |
Persons at risk for pressure ulcers include those who have difficulty sensing ___________ and pressure. | Pain |
Persons at risk for pressure ulcers include those who have ______________ problems that affect blood flow. | Circulatory |
Persons at risk for pressure ulcers include those who are older and have __________ diseases that affect mobility, nutrition, circulation, and mental awareness. | Chronic |
Persons at risk for pressure ulcers include those who are either obese or very ____________. | Thin |
Persons at risk for pressure ulcers include those who _____________ care. | Refuse |
Persons at risk for pressure ulcers include those who have previously had a pressure ulcer that has ______________. | Healed |
In persons with light skin a ______________ bony area is the first sign of a pressure ulcer. | Reddened |
In persons with ______________ skin, the bony area may differ in color from the surrounding area. | Dark |
Persons with an early stage pressure ulcer may complain of pain, ______________, tingling, or itching in the area. | Burning |
According to the CMS, what is the most common site for a pressure ulcer? | Sacrum |
In obese persons, pressure ulcers are common in areas where skin has contact with ____________. | Skin |
Common sites for pressure ulcer in obese persons are between ____________ folds, the legs, the buttocks, the thighs, and under the breasts. | Abdominal |
What is a metal frame placed on the bed over the person to prevent pressure on the legs, feet, and toes? | Bed cradle |
Measures to prevent pressure ulcers include re-positioning the person every 1-____ hours when in bed. | 2 |
Measures to prevent pressure ulcers include re-positioning chairfast persons every __________. | Hour |
Some persons with pressure ulcers are re-positioned every __________ minutes. | Fifteen |
Measures to prevent pressure ulcers include positioning the person in the preferred 30-degree ________ position. | Lateral |
Measures to prevent pressure ulcers include using _____________, foam wedges, or other devices to prevent bony areas from contact with bony areas. | Pillows |
Common areas for pressure ulcers are ankles, knees, hips, and _______________. | Sacrum |
Measures to prevent pressure ulcers include keeping the _________ and ankles off the bed. | Heels |
Measures to prevent pressure ulcers include providing good skin care and making sure the skin is clean and ___________. | Dry |
Measures to prevent pressure ulcers include changing ___________ and garments when they are soiled. | Linens |
Measures to prevent pressure ulcers include applying ___________ to dry areas. | Moisturizer |
Measures to prevent pressure ulcers include not ____________ over bony areas. | Massaging |
Measures to prevent pressure ulcers include not massaging over ____________ points. | Pressure |
Measures to prevent pressure ulcers include never rubbing or massaging _____________ areas. | Reddened |
Measures to prevent pressure ulcers include avoiding scrubbing or ___________ when bathing or drying the person. | Rubbing |
Measures to prevent pressure ulcers include using pillows or blankets to prevent skin being in contact with __________. | Skin |
Measures to prevent pressure ulcers include not applying _________ directly on a pressure ulcer. | Heat |
What type of sheet is used over an eggcrate-type pad and cover? | Bottom |