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NHA CCMA test
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Order of draw | 1. Blood Cultures2. Light Blue top tubes3. Serum or non-additive tube (Red or Red/Gray top tubes)4. Green top tubes5. Lavender top tubes6. Gray top tubes |
BeCause BetterGoalsGeneratePerfectSpecimens | Blood CulturesBlueGreenGrayPurple (Lavender)Serum (Red) |
Order of draw for capillary specimens | 1. Lavender tube 2. Tubes with other additives3. Tubes without additives |
Lavender top tube - | Contains the anticoagulant ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). EDTA inhibits coagulation by binding to calcium present in the specimen. The tubes must be filled at least two-thirds full and inverted eight times. |
Common tests (for lavender): | CBC (Complete Blood Count); Includes: RBC count, WBC count and Platelet count; WBC differential count; Hemoglobin and Hematocrit determinations; ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate); Sickle Cell Screening |
Red top tube - | Also known as plain vacuum tube and contains no additive or anticoagulant. Collected blood clots by normal coagulation process in 30-60 minutes. There is no need to invert the tube after collection. |
Common tests (for red): | Serum chemistry tests; Serology tests; Blood bank (glass only) |
Specimen Requirements | Patient’s full name and date of birth Patient’s hospital identification number (SSN for outpatients) Date and time of collection Medical assistant’s initials |
Bacteriology | the study of bacteria |
Parasitology | the study of parasites |
Mycology | the study of fungi |
Virology | the study of viruses |
Anuria: | The absence of urine |
Hematuria: | The presence of blood in urine |
Polyuria: | The passage of large volumes of urine |
Proteinuria: | The presence of excess proteins in urine |
The routine urinalysis procedure is composed of three parts: | a. physical examinationb. chemical examinationc. microscopic examination |
Physical examination of urineThis consists of: | 1. Assessing the volume of the urine specimen to determine if it 2. Is adequate for testing. 3. Observing the color and appearance ( or character ) of the 4. specimen. 5. Noting the odor. 6. Measuring the specific gravity. |
This involves chemical evaluation of the contents of the urine which can be qualitative or quantitative. The chemical testing may involve examination of the following: | vii. pHviii. Glucoseix. Ketonex. Proteinxi. Bloodxii. Bilirubinxiii. Urobilinogenxiv. Nitritexv. Leukocyte esterase |
Waveform: | refers to movement away from the isoelectric line either upward (positive) deflection or downward (negative) deflection. |
Segment: | line between two waveforms. |
Interval: | waveform plus a segment. |
Complex: | several waveforms. |
P wave: | the deflection produced by atrial depolarization. The normal P wave in standard, limb, and precordial leads does not exceed 0.11s in duration or 2.5mm in height. |
QRS complex: | represents ventricular depolarization (activation). The ventricle is depolarized from the endocardium to the myocardium, to the epicardium. |
Q (q) wave: | the initial negative deflection produced by ventricular depolarization. |
R (r) wave: | the first positive deflection produced by ventricular depolarization. |
S (s) wave: | the first negative deflection produced by the ventricular depolarization that follows the first positive deflection, (R) wave. |
T wave: | the deflection produced by ventricular repolarization. |
U wave: | the deflection seen following the T wave but preceding the next P wave. |
RR interval: | this is the interval between two R waves.P wave plus the PR segment. The normal interval is 0.12 – 0.2 sec. |
QRS interval: | represents ventricular depolarization time. It should be no more than 0.1 sec. in the limb leads and 0.11 sec. in the precordial leads. |
PR segment: | line from the end of the P wave to the onset of the QRS complex. |
J (RST) junction: | point at which QRS complex ends and ST segment begins. |
ST segment: | from J point to the onset of the T wave. |