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ch 47
drugs for hypertension
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thiazide Diuretics | - **FIRST LINE DRUGS FOR HYPERTENSION** - reduce blood volume and arterial resistance |
| Thiazide Diuretics: Hydrochlorothiazide | - used most widely |
| Thiazide Diuretics adverse effects: | - hypokalemia ( avoid by eating K+ rich foods) - dehydration, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia |
| Loop Diuretics | - Produce much greater diuresis than Thiazides -For patients who need greaer diuresis and with low GFR |
| Loop Diuretics adverse effects | - hypokalemia, dehydration, hyperglycemia, HEARING LOSS |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics | - degree of diuresis is small only have modest hypotensive effects |
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics adverse effects | - Hyperkalemia - NOT TO BE USED WITH OTHER DIURETICS OR K+ SUPPLEMENTS |
| Sympatholytics (Antiadrenergic Drugs) | - suppress influence of the sympathetic nervous system 5 categories 1. Beta blockers 2. alpha 1 blockers 3. alpha/beta blockers 4. centrally acting alpha 2 angonist 5 adrenergic neuron blockers |
| Sympatholytics (Antiadrenergic Drugs): Beta Blockers ("OLOL") | - less effective in African Americans |
| Sympatholytics (Antiadrenergic Drugs): Beta Blockers actions | - decrease HR and contractility - supress reflex tachycardia - reduces release of renin from kidney - long term use reduces peripheral vascular resistance |
| Beta Blockers ADVERSE EFFECTS | - bradycardia - decreased AV conduction - reduced contractility - NOT to be used on pt's w/ sick sinus syndrome or AV block -AVOIDED IN ASTHMA PATIENTS |
| Beta Blockers and diabetes | - can mask signs of hypoglycemia |
| Beta Blockers SIDE EFFECTS | -Depression, dreams, insomnia, sexual dysfunction |
| ALPHA 1 BLOCKERS ("OSIN") | -prevent stimulation of alpha 1 receptors on arteries and veins preventing vasoconstriction |
| ALPHA 1 BLOCKERS ("OSIN"): disturbing side effect | - Orthostatic hypotension - NOT TO BE USED AS FIRST LINE THERAPY |
| Alpha/ Beta Blockers : CARVEDILOL & LABETALOL "LOL' NOT OLOL | - Unusual because they block both alpha and beta - side effects: bradycardia, AV Heart block, asthma, postural hypotension |
| Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonists (clonidine & methyldopa) | - act within brainstem to suppress sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels - Adverse effects: DRY MOUTH , sedation, rebound hypertension |
| Adrenergic Neuron Blockers: RESERPINE | - Depletes NE from postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals, reducing sympathetic stimulation of the heart and blood vessels |
| Adrenergic Neuron Blockers: RESERPINE adverse effects | - depletes serotonin & catecholamines - DEEP DEPRESSION, NOT TO BE USED IN PATIENT WITH HX OF DEPRESSION!!! |
Created by:
KristinL
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