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Airways and Vent
Airways and Mechanical Ventilation
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Critical Respiratory Assessment Components: what do you assess? | Rate ; WOB ; Depth ; O2 sat ; LOC ; Cyanosis (late sign) |
What other labs or tests are critical? | ABGS and Chest Xray and Hbg/Hct |
Preparing for Intubation: what equipments? | Oxygen mask (100% NRB) ; Resuscitation Bag (ambu bag reservoir with oxygen source) ; Endotracheal tube (ETT) (sample) |
Risks of Intubation ? | Esophageal Intubation ; Right Mainstem intubation ; Ruptured Trachea or Bronchus ; Aspiration of blood or gastric contents ; Tooth damage or loss (and aspiration) ; Hypoxemia ; Tracheal stenosis, erosion, necrosis ; Cardiac arrhythmias |
ETT Tube to deep what is problem? | right lung intubation |
How to confirm ETT? | - Auscultate for bilateral breath sounds - measure and secure the tube - confirm by X-ray |
what is Chemical Restrains Short acting for ETT insert? | Succinylcholine |
Succinylcholine cause? | causes bradycardia, respiratory depression, apnea and ↑K+ Wears off in about 5 – 7 minutes |
what is Chemical Restrains long acting for ETT insert? | Vecuronium |
Vecuronium cause? | watch electrolyte levels, acid base balance and hepatic function before and after administration |
Indications for Mechanical Ventilation | Respiratory failure due to: ARDS, Pneumonia, CHF ; Respiratory center depression Stroke, head injury, drugs ;Neuromuscular disturbances Guillian-Barre, multiple sclerosis, SCI, myasthenia gravis |
what are the parameters of the ventilator? | FiO2, tidal volume, pressures such as inspired pressure and positive end expiratory pressure and frequency |
How big a breath does the vent give or patient take? Tidal volume | appr 6-10ml/kg |
normal setting rate? | 12-20 |
Fio2 setting range? | 21-100% |
PEEP ? | minimum 5-10 |
PS minimum? | 7-10 |
PS setting? | 10-30 normal 10-20 |
Ventilator Adjustments: how to increase Oxygenation? | Increase FiO2 ; Increase PEEP ; Increase PS |
Ventilator Adjustments: how To increase Ventilation? | Increase Rate ; Increase Tidal Volume |
what reasons when Ventilator Alarms: for High Pressure | increase airway resistance; decreaselung compliance |
what reasons when Ventilator Alarms: for Low Pressure ? | Loose tubing connections ; Disconnected circuit ; Extubation |
what make Increased resistance? | bent ventilator tubing or ETT, excessive water in tubing, excessive secretions, bronchospasm, airway edema |
what make Decreased lung compliance? | pneumothorax, mainstem intubation, severe atelectasis, ARDS or CHF |