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functional zonation
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central business district
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APHG Ch 19 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| functional zonation | idea that parts of a city are split into zones with distinct purposes |
| central business district | also known as CBD, this is the commercial heart of the city |
| concentric zone model | model in which a city is split into "rings" (also known as the Burgess model) |
| zone of transition | the ring of the concentric zone model characterized by industrial zoning mixed with low-income housing |
| Burgess Model | model in which a city is split into "rings" (also known as concentric zone model) |
| sector model | model in which a city is divided into sectors (also known as Hoyt's model) |
| Hoyt's model | model in which a city is divided into sectors (also known as the sector model) |
| Chauncy Harris | developed the multiple nuclei model, along with Edward Ullman |
| Edward Ullman | developed the multiple nuclei model, along with Chauncy Harris |
| multiple-nuclei model | model in which there are multiple business districts |
| peripheral model | variant of multiple-nuclei model, where suburban (peripheral) neighborhoods surround an inner city along roads or beltways |
| galactic city model | model where cities spread outward, leaving a declining inner city (this model specifically mentions edge cities) |
| edge cities | node in a suburb that acts as a mini-downtown |
| Griffen-Ford model | city model also known as the Latin American city model |
| spine | area along which businesses or residential zones develop, usually along roads or highways |
| mall | in the Latin American model, an area that grows along a spine and is filled with restaurants, parks, theaters, etc. |
| periferico | outer ring of a Latin American city, characterized by poverty, lack of infrastructure, and shantytowns |
| shantytowns | areas of poorly built housing |
| favelas | neighborhoods where extreme poverty is common (also known as barrios) |
| barrios | neighborhoods where extreme poverty is common (also known as favelas) |
| disamenity zones | areas not connected to city services, usually controlled by drug lords and/or gangs |
| traditional CBD | CBD that existed before European colonization |
| colonial CBD | CBD established by empires in their colonies |
| informal economy zone | stall-based business sell goods without formal regulations |
| periodic markets | small scale merchants congregate weekly or yearly to sell goods |
| informal settlements | areas of a city without planning, usually insufficient water and public transport or other services |
| squatter settlements | parts of a city where people reside wherever they can find space, usually due to a rapid influx of people |
| mosque | Muslim place of worship |
| citadel | a fort designed to protect the city, usually found in Islamic communities |
| suqs | market streets, found typically in Middle Eastern countries |
| McGee model | Southeast Asian city model, where the port is the focal point of the city |
| residential zones | areas devoted to where people live |
| residential density gradient | population density declines as you move out from a city |
| zoning ordinances | regulations that define what buildings can be built in certain areas |
| urban planning | process of promoting growth and controlling how land is used |
| filtering | houses pass from one social group to another |
| invasion and succession | where one ethnic/social group replaces another |
| gated communities | planned suburban areas where the access is controlled |
| big-box retail | large commercial stores, such as Walmart and Target |
| suburbanization of business | movement of commerce out to the suburbs |
| municipal | local government in a town/city |
| municipality | small area under the same legal jurisdiction |
| annexation | adding land to a city's territory |
| incorporation | legally joining together to form a city |
| bedroom communities | a commuter suburb |
| consolidation | one or more elements of government are handled jointly across municipalities |
| special districts | area of a city that solves a special need (ex. public transport) |
| unincorporated areas | areas that do not fall within the legal boundary of a city or municipality |
| census tracts | geographic region that forms the basis of the census |
| census block | small subdivision in a census tract |
| social area analysis | analyzing data about cities, such as crime, pollution, etc. |
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trisjohnson
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