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hist quiz
ch. 19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What were some of the methods railroad barons used to drive smaller companies out of business? | They offered secret discounts to their biggest customers, they divided the railway business among the larger companies and set rates for a region, and they bought some of the smaller businesses |
| How did railroads expand industry in the West? | Since the railroad moved west it was easier to ship products from coast to coast and railroads needed resources such as coal, steel and lumber |
| What were some developments in technology that improved railroad transportation? | The Pullman Sleeping Car-more comfortable overnight travel, The Refrigerated Car-meat could be shipped further because the train was cold, Janney Car Couplers-made it easier to link railcars, air brakes-made it easier to stop |
| Standard Gauge | the standard width of a railroad track, so trains do not have to be switched out for different sized tracks |
| Assembly Line | a production system with machines and workers arranged so that each person performs an assigned task again and again as the item passes before him or her. |
| Mass Production | the production of large quantities of goods using machinery and often an assembly line |
| What were two inventions that changed the war Americans communicated with each other? | the telegraph and the telephone |
| How was transportation improved during the early 1900s? | The electromagnetic brake, The Model T, The motor-powered airplane |
| What invention(s) was/were used mostly in rural areas? | The electric incubator |
| What invention(s) was/were used mostly in urban areas? | the vacuum cleaner, the automobile, the light bulb, street cars |
| What invention(s) was/were used in both urban and rural areas? | Kodak camera, the telephone, phonograph and the telegraph, and the train |
| What invention(s) was/were used mostly by business and industry? | Telephone, light bulb, train, typewriter, airplanes, adding machine |
| What were centers of steel production in the late 1800s and why? | Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Chicago, Detroit and Birmingham, because they were near steel mines and waterways to ship goods |
| Summarize the steps that John D. Rockefeller took to gain control of the oil industry. Steps 1-3 | #1-organized Standard Oil company and acquired many of the oil refineries in Cleveland and other cities, #2-Produced and used their own tank cars, pipelines and more, #3-lowered his prices to drive competition out of business |
| Steps 4-7 | #4-pressured customers not to deal with rival companies, #5-he convinced railroad to return some of the money he payed them in exchange for his business, #6-formed a trust, #7-took control of other companies' stocks |
| How did consumers benefit from competition? | They get better quality goods at cheaper prices |
| Describe the similarities and the differences between the methods used by Rockefeller and Carnegie to build their industrial empires | Carnegie used vertical integration while Rockefeller used horizontal integration. |
| monopoly | almost total control by a single producer |
| What were the goals for the American Federation of Labor when it was founded? | higher wages, shorter hours, the right to bargain collectively with employers, and better working conditions |
| Terence Powderly | Leader of the Knights of Labor |
| Mary Harris Jones | Women labor union, spent 50 years fighting for workers' rights |
| George Pullman | when his employees went on strike he closed down the plant and persuaded General Richard Olney to get a court order to stop the strike |
| Grover Cleveland | President of the U.S., sent federal troops to Chicago to stop the Pullman Strike |
Created by:
mikey27
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