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Diagnostic Exams
NSG INTERVENTION AND TERMS FOR DIAGNOSTIC EXAMS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING AN ARTERIOGRAM | ARTERIOGRAPHY |
| ARTERIOGRAPY PRE-EXAMINATION-obtain written consent, inform pt about warm flush felt when dye is injected, keep pt NPO for 2 to 3 hrs, instruct pt to void before study | POST- keep pt on bed rest for 8 hours, monitor V/S and observe for bleeding at puncture site, have pt drink fluids to prevent dehydration, notify DR. if pt has continuous, severe pain |
| the removal of a small amount of fluid filled with blood cells from the central core of a bone, used to diagnose blood disorders such as anemias and cancers | BONE MARROW ASPIRATION |
| BONE MARROW ASPIRATION- pre-examination- prepare requisition form, obtain written consent, provide needed emotional support | Post- apply pressure to puncture site, observe site for bleeding, monitor pt for S/S of shock and pain |
| EXAMINATION OF THE BRONCHI THROUGH A BRONCHOSCOPE | BRONCHOSCOPY |
| BRONCHOSCOPY pre-examination- explain procedure, obtain informed consent before pt is premeditated, instruct pt to be NPO after midnight (4 to 8 hours) | POST- do not allow pt to drink after procedure until the effect of anesthesia no longer exists and gag reflex has returned (usually 2 hours), if pt complains of sore throat, warm saline gargles and lozenges may be provided, fever is normal for 1st 24hrs |
| VISUALIZATION OF THE LOWER GI TRACT; MOST OFTEN REFERS TO INSERTION OF A FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPE THROUGH THE ANUS TO INSPECT THE ENTIRE COLON & TERMINAL ILEUM | COLONOSCOPY |
| COLONOSCOPY-pre-examination-assist in bowel prep, clear liquids for two day w/a strong cathartic, record results from cathartics and enemas | POST- observe for abdominal pain, tenderness, and bleeding-gas pains from air in the bowel, allow rest time |
| A RADIOGRAPH OF THE GALLBLADDER. THIS PROCEDURE IS BEING REPLACED BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY | GALLBLADDER SERIES/CHOLECYSTOGRAM |
| GALLBLADDER SERIES/CHOLECYSTOGRAM-pre-examination- allow a fat-free meal the evening before exam, assess the pt for allergy to iodine | POST-monitor pt for side effects to the tablets, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, rash, and anaphylaxis, usual diet may be resumed as soon as series is completed. |
| GAINING ENTRY INTO THE SUBARCHNOID SPACE OF THE MENINGEAL SAC BELOW THE END OF THE SPINAL CORD, USUALLY AT THE LEVEL OF THE 4TH INTERVERTEBRAL SPACE WITH A HOLLOW NEEDLE FOR CSF | LUMBAR PUNCTURE (SPINAL TAP) |
| LUMBAR PUNCTURE (SPINAL TAP)- pre-examination- provide necessary equipment, label and number specimens | POST-encourage fluids (use a drinking straw so pt can keep head flat), assess pt for numbness, tingling, and movement of the extremities |
| THE PUNCTURE OF A CAVITY WITH REMOVAL OF FLUID; COMMONLY REFERS TO ASPIRATION OF FLUID FROM WITHIN THE PERITONEUM | PARACENTESIS |
| PARACENTESIS-pre-examination- no fasting or sedation is necessary, assist physician | POST-observe for syncope, monitor V/S |
| the nurses knowledge and organization of the diagnostic procedure can be the key to success | one of the most important rights is informed consent, which states that a pt must fully understand what will be done during a test, surgery, or any medical procedure & must understand it risk, implications before legally consenting to it. |
| explaining a procedure, how it will be performed and its potential benefits and risks is primarily the physician's responsibility. the nurse only reinforces what the dr. says and verifies that written consent isn't always necessary, verbal may be enough. | more important, the nurse keeps the pt adequately informed of procedural details that could cause discomfort. |
| specimen collection/older adults may have reduced drug clearence from reduced renal function or decreased hepatic function. therefore the nurse must monitor effects of narcotics and hynotics that may interfere with breathing | decresed peripheral circulation can cause difficulty when collecting a specimen for blood glucose determination. Wrapping the hand in a warm, moist washcloth for a few minutes may facilitate the procedure. |
| Specimen collection/the need to perform repeated sticks to obtain blood samples can lead to mental and physical trauma in the older adult. | at home, stool can be collected by suporting a large piece of waxed paper or large sheet of clear plastic under the toliet seat. |
| specimen collection/older adults may need a written reminder placed on the bathroom mirror to collect all urine samples | when obtaina specimen by doing a venipuncture, it is important to remember that some older adults do not need a tourinquet applied for venipuncture. |
| specimen collection/because of multiple meds the older adult pt may be taking, be aware of alterations in administration schedules necessary because of NPO status for diagnostic test | postprocedural restlessness in the older adult could indicate hypoxemia or pain. thoroughly assess. |
| specimen collection/be aware that NPO status in the older adult pt may result in dehydration | older adults will need additional clothing, slippers, and extra blankets to keep them warm in waiting rooms and examination room. |
| be sensitive that diverse age and sociocultural groups may use different words to describe urine and stool. | when preparing a pt for a diagnostic exam, refer to medical record, care plan, or Kardex |
| consider legal implications when dealing with diagnostic procedures | deliver specimen to laboratory stat. label specimen according to agency policy, pt's name, age, room # physician, date and time, type of specimen, and collector's initials |
Created by:
Nicknack10
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