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pedi unit 3
nctc pedi unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| croup s/s | barking cough, stridor (harsh,high pitched) |
| croup TX | rest, mist tent or croupette, placed on cardiorespiratory monitor, VS closely observed, O2 given to prevent hypoxia |
| croup drugs | IV fluids,nebulized epinephrin (for respiratory obstruction), corticosteroids (to reduce edema) |
| croup teaching | increase humidity at home, use electric cold water humidifier, empty, wash, disinfect daily, hold child upright for ease in breathing |
| epiglottis s/s | onset abrupt, child insists on sitting up, leans forward, drools, wide-eyed, anxious, restless, frog like croaking on inspiration, no cough |
| epiglottis occurs in kids 3-6 yrs old and is | a life threatening emergency |
| epiglottis primary nursing responsibility | be sure there is tracheotomy set at bedside before any examination of throat is attempted |
| epiglottis TX, drugs | tx of choice is immediate trach or endotracheal intubation and O2 to prevent hypoxia, brain damage, sudden death by respiratory arrest, parenteral ATB, H. influenzae vaccine for prevention |
| bronchitis s/s | gradual onset of unproductive hacking cough, preceded by URI or cold |
| bronchitis TX, drugs | cough suppressants before bed to promote restful sleep, most recover uneventfully c care at home |
| bronchiolitis s/s | URI or cold c mild fever and serous (clear) nasal dc followed by wheezing cough and resp. distress |
| bronchiolitis tx, drugs | similar to that of croup, semi-fowlers, slightly hyperextended neck, IV fluids, bronchodilating aerosol, high humidity tent, freq. mon. of VS, O2sat |
| RSV is | the most common cause of viral pneumonia, single most important resp. pathogen in infancy |
| RSV s/s | ineffective breathing pattern, tachypnea, tachycardia, |
| RSV TX | auscultate breath sounds, report wheezing, rales, rhonchi, (sudden quiet chest means resp. arrest) monitor O2, suctioning, IV fluids, I&O, weigh daily |
| RSV meds | antiviral meds- ribaviran (Virazole) caregivers who are pregnant or wear contacts should not give direct care to pt on ribavarin aerosol therapy |
| RSV can survive | on countertops, tissues, soaps for 6 hrs, not airborne, is direct contact, isolation precautions taken |
| RSV teaching | liquid soap, frequent handwashing, familiarize c mist tent, encourage to participate in care and feeding, |
| T & A s/s | dysphagia, difficulty breathing, mouth breather, |
| T & A nursing care | cool mist vaporizer, salt water gargles, throat lozenges, cool liquid diet, tylenol |
| T & A TX | tonsillectomy if airway obstruction or difficulty breathing |
| frequent swallowing while sleeping is | early sign of bleeding after tonsillectomy |
| post tonsillectomy TX | popscicles, ice pack around neck |
| T & A teaching | child kept quiet for few days, nourishing fluids, soft foods, tylenol, no milk |
| asthma is | principal cause of chronic illness in kids, leading cause of school absenteeism, ER visits, and hospitalization, family hx of allergies often seen |
| status asthmaticus is | severe resp distress, not responsive to drugs, incl. epi and aminophylline, this is MEDICAL EMERGENCY |
| cystic fibrosis is | serious chronic lung disease, both parents are carriers, defect in chromosome 7, |
| cystic fibrosis s/s | salty sweat, tears, saliva, barrel chest, clubbing of fingers, chronic cough, large, foul smelling stool, cyanosis |
| cystic fibrosis TX, teaching, meds | admin humidified O2, bronchodilators, expectorants, monitor, observe resp. rate, depth, effort, breath sounds, O2 sats, skin color, at least q4h. teach CDB, no OTC meds, esp cough supressants |
| tetralogy of fallot s/s | symptoms of cardiac problems, cyanosis increases c age, clubbing, squatting position, feeding problems, growth retardation, frequent resp. infections, severe dyspnea, boot shaped heart, |
| 4 defects of tetralogy of fallot | stenosis of pulmonary artery, hypertrophy of right ventricle, dextroposition of aorta, VSD |
| tet spell is | spontanious cyanosis, resp distress, lasts few min. to few hours, relieved by placing child in tet position, knee chest |
| atrial septal defect is | abnormal opening between R and L atria, surgical repair of dacron patch or open cardiac surgery |
| ventricular septal defect is | most common heart anomoly, opening between R and L ventricles, loud harsh murmur, ATB prophylactic, open heart surgery |
| iron deficiency anemia s/s | pallor, irritability, anorexia, decrease in activity, milk babies, cream of wheat, imferon, z tracked, vit c aids absorption, stools, tarry green |
| sickle cell trait | will not develop sickle cell disease but is carrier |
| sickle cell anemia | unusual swelling of fingers, toes, |
| sickle cell crisis med interventions | blood transfusion, O2, hydration, analgesics, PCA, |
| sickle cell crisis s/s | fever, vomiting, stiff neck, tires easily, abdom. pain, painful joints, extremities |
| hodgkins disease s/s | painless lump along the neck, swelling, trated c chemo, radiation, primarily involves lymph nodes, twice as common in boys than girls |
| pyloric stenosis | projectile vomiting, constantly hungry, dehydration, most common surgical condition of digestive tract in infancy |
| pyloric stenosis TX | surgery, pyloromyotomy, NI- IV fluids, fowlers for gravity to hold down food |
| celiac disease | gluten intolerance, malabsorption problem, inherited c environmental triggers, STOOLS are large, bulky, frothy, due to undigested contents, irritable |
| hirschprungs | megacolon, lower portion of sigmoid colon, lack of normal peristalsis, constipation, ribbon like stool, abdon. distention, failure to pass meconium stools c in 24-48 hrs after birth, TX is surgery, temp colostomy |
| intussusception | slipping of one part of intestine into part below it, sm intestine opens into ascending colon, occurs in boys 3 mo-6 yrs, CURRANT jelly stools, barium enema, severe abdominal pain, is an EMERGENCY |
| reflux | vomiting, wt loss, failure to thrive, fussy, hungry, feedings are thickened, upright in car seat not recommended, upright prone is recommended, MEDS- reglan, tagamet, zantac before meals |
| gastroenteritis | upset stomach, too much food, prevent fluid and electrolyte imbalances, pedialyte, weigh daily, I&O, cleanliness |
| enterobiasis- pinworms | anal itching, wt loss, poor appetite, fretfulness during night, scotch tape test, in am, med- vermox, wash hands, nails short, all family treated, pregnant women do not take vermox!, |
| glomerulonephritis | allergic reaction, (antigen-antibody) to strep infection, smoky brown urine, edema upon awakening in morning, hypertension may occur, examine urine reg., prevent from getting overly tired, chilled, or exposed to infection, frequent VS, |
| all children c HTN should be monitored for | increased intracranial pressure |
| wilms tumor | one of most common malignancies of early life, genetic, mass in abdomen, discovered by parent or routine check up, surgery, radiation, removal of kidney and tumor asap, DO NOT PALPATE ABDOMEN sign on crib |
Created by:
echilders
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