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LUNGS/ CARDIAC VOCAB
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ALLEN'S TEST | test used to determine the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries |
| Angina | chest pain associated with decreased coronary blood flow |
| Apnea | the absence of respirations, often described by the length of time in which no respirations occur ( 10 sec. period of apnea) |
| Atelectasis | condition or disease that may cause the lungs to stifen or may restrict expansion of the chest. Stiffer lungs (or lungs not allowed to expand fully) tend to collapse and their aveoli also collapse. (amount of gas exchange in the lungs decreases) |
| Barrel chest | clients exhibit a "barrel shaped" chest in which the AP diameter is enlarged and approximately equal to the lateral diameter |
| bradypnea | an abnormally slow respiration rate (usually less than 12 breaths per minute) |
| bronchitis | small airways in the lungs become inflamed and narrowed |
| bronchophony | Ask the client to say "ninety nine" each time you place the stethoscope in the clients chest. NORMAL SOUND= muffled |
| Bruit | a group of heart sounds that elicit a loud blowing sound. This is an abnormal finding, most often associated with a narrowing or stricture of the carotid artery usually associated with atherosclerotic plaque |
| Cardiac cycle | the events of one complete heartbeat, the contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricle |
| Cardiac output | the amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute. In normal resting adult, CO is approx. 3.5 to 8 L/minuteTWO FACTORS: HR & SV |
| Cheyne Stokes | cyclic breathing pattern characterized by periods of respirations of increased rate and depth alternating with periods of apnea. CONDITIONS: congestive heart failure, drug overdose, increased intracranial pressure, impending death |
| Conditions of Cheyne Stokes | congestive heart failure, drug overdose, increased intracranial pressure, impending death |
| deep vein thrombosis | thrombus is a blood clot, which is composed of platelets, fibrin and cellular elements, that attaches to the wall of an artery or vein. A thrombus most commonly originates in the large veins of the legs because the legs have relatively low velocity of bl |
| diastole | period between contractions, allows the heart to fill up blood and allows the heart to relax |
| dyspnea | subjective feeling of labored breathing and breath issues. most common cause of dyspnea is the increase work of breathing that occurs with lung disease- reduced lung capacity, alterations in O2 and CO2 levels or stimulation of receptors on the intercost |
| Egophony | Ask the client to say "E" each time you place the stethoscope on the clients chest. NORMAL SOUND: "EEEEE" through the stethoscope |
| Emphysema | a condition in which chronic inflammation of the lungs leads to the destruction of alveoli and decreased elasticity of the lungs. As a result, air is trapped in the lungs and they hyperinflate |
| HOW DO YOU INSPECT FOR "EMPHYSEMA" | shortness of breath, especially on exertion, barrel chest, pursed lip breathing, use of accesory muscles, cyanosis, clubbing fingers & tripod posture |
| HOW DO YOU PALPATE FOR "EMPHYSEMA" | you get a decrease in chest expansion, decreased tactile fremitus |
| EMPHYSEMA and PERCUSSION | hyperresonance |
| HOW DO YOU AUSCULATE FOR EMPHYSEMA | decreased vesicular sounds and possible wheezing |
| Friction Rub | a rough, grating sound caused by the rubbing together of organs or an organ rubbing on the peritoneum |
| Gynecomastia | Benign temporary breast enlargement in one or both breast in males |
| Heart murmurs | atypical sounds of the heart often indicating a functional or structural abnormality |
| Homan's Sign | performed by bending the client's foot upward towards the led (dorsiflexion). Historically used to detect thrombophelebitis of the lower extremity |
| hyperventilation | a PACO2 lower than 35mmhg, or breathing in excess of metabolic needs. Healthy people are able to hyperventilate voluntarily. Hyperventilate voluntarily. Hyperventilation is common during asthma attack & occurs in some client's with head injuries |
| hypoventilation | irregular, shallow respirations rate <10. percipitating factors: narcotic overdose, anesthetics, prolonged chest splinting |
| kyphosis | exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine. It is associated with aging. Kyphosis may decrease lung expansion and increase cardiac problems |
| Lymphedema | lymphedema is unilateral swelling with an obstruction in lymph nodes |
| labar pneumonia | an infection, causes fluid and cellular debris to fill the aveoli |
| INSPECTION of LOBAR PNEUMONIA | tachypnea, productive cough and chills |
| PALPATATION OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA | increased tactile fremitus, decreased chest expansion of the affected side |
| PERCUSSION of LOBAR PNEUMONIA | dullness over the affected area |
| AUSCULTATION OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA | bronchophony, egophony, whispered pectoriloquy, bronchial breath sounds and crackles |
| PNEUMOTHORAX | a condition in which air moves into the pleural space and causes partial or complete collapse of the lung. It can be traumatic or tension |
| inspection of pneumothorax | tachypenea, decreased expansion of the chest wall on the affected side, tracheal shift to the unaffected side |
| palpatation of pneumothorax | decreased tactile fremitus |
| percussion of pneumothorax | hyperresonance |
| auscultation of pneumothorax | breath sounds and voice sounds are decreased or absent |
Created by:
mhallare
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