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prarie U7 Vocab
Question | Answer |
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1. Abrasion | scraping or rubbing away of epidermis; may result in localized bleeding and later weeping of serous fluid |
2. Antibody | immunoglobulins, essential to the immune system, that are produced by lymphoid tissue in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens |
3. Antigen | substance, usually a protein, that causes the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody |
4. Antiseptic | a substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms when applied to a living tissue |
5. Asepsis | absence of germs or microorganisms |
6. Bactericidal agent | any drug or agent that kills/destroys bacteria |
7. Bacteriostatic agent | any drug or agent that causes a suspended growth and/or reproduction of bacteria |
8. Blanching | to cause to become pale, as a nailbed may be blanched by using digital pressure; to press blood away and wait for return, such as blanching of fingernails and return of blood |
9. Communicable disease | an infectious disease transmitted directly from one person to another |
10. Contamination | a condition of being soiled, stained, touched, or otherwise exposed to harmful agents, making an object potentially unsafe for use as intended or without barrier techniques |
11. Culture | a laboratory test involving the cultivation of microorganisms or cells in a special growth medium |
12. Debilitation | to impair the strength of |
13. Debridement | the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound or a burn to prevent infection and to promote healing |
14. Decubitus Ulcer (Pressure Ulcer) | an inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence |
15. Disinfection | process of destroying all pathogenic organisms, except spores |
16. Ecchymosis - discoloration of the skin or bruise caused by leakage of blood into subcutaneous tissue as a result of trauma to underlying tissues | |
17. Erythema | redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes that is a result of dilation and congestion of superficial capillaries; sunburn is an example |
18. Eschar | a thick layer of dead, dry tissue that covers a pressure ulcer or thermal burn; it may be allowed to be sloughed off naturally or it may need to be surgically removed |
19. Etiology | study of all factors that may be involved in the development of a disease |
20. Exudate | fluid, cells, or other substances that have been slowly discharged from cells or blood vessels through small pores or breaks in cell membranes |
21. Flora | microorganisms that live on or within a body to compete with disease-producing microorganisms and provide a natural immunity against certain infections |
22. Fluctuance | |
23. Friction | the act of rubbing one object against another |
24. Gangrene | necrosis or death of tissue, usually the result of ischemia, bacterial invasion, and subsequent putrefaction. The extremities are most often affected, but it can occur in the intestines and gallbladder. |
25. Hematoma | collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the skin or an organ |
26. Latrogenic | |
27. Immunosenescence | |
28. Infection | the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms that can reproduce and multiply |
29. Ischemia | decreased blood supply to a body part, such as skin tissue, or to an organ, such as the heart |
30. Maceration | softening and breaking down of skin from prolonged exposure to moisture |
31. Medical asepsis | procedures used to reduce the number of microorganisms and prevent their spread |
32. Necrosis | localized tissue death that occurs in cells in response to disease or injury |
33. Nonpathogens | microorganisms that do not cause a disease |
34. Nosocomial | infection acquired during hospitalization or stay in a health care facility |
35. Pathogens | disease-causing microorganisms |
36. Predisposing (Cause) | any condition that enhances the specific cause of a disease, such as susceptibility caused by hereditary or lifestyle factors |
37. Purulent | producing or containing pus |
38. Sanguineous | pertaining to blood or containing to blood, such as full-blooded |
39. Sepsis | infection; contamination |
40. Serosanguineous | thin and red; composed of serum and blood |
41. Serous | pertaining to, resembling, or producing serum |
42. Shearing force | applied pressure exerted against the surface and layers of the skin as tissues slide in opposite but parallel directions |
43. Slough | to shed or to cast off dead tissue; tissue that has been shed |
44. Spore | a form assumed by some bacteria that is resistance to heat, drying, and chemicals. Diseases caused by spore-forming bacteria include anthrax, botulism, gas gangrene, and tetanus |
45. Standard Precautions | guidelines recommended by CDC to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne and other pathogens in hospitals |
46. Sterile | free of microorganisms |
47. Sterilization | a technique for destroying microorganisms using heat, water, chemicals, or gases |
48. Surgical asepsis (Sterile technique) | procedures used to eliminate microorganisms from an area |
49. Universal Precautions | precautions designed preventing the transmissions of bloodborne diseases when first aid or healthcare is provided. Under universal precautions, blood and certain body fluids of all patients are considered potentially infectious |
50. Vector | a carrier, especially one that transmits disease; Two types: |
Biologic vector | usually an arthropod in which the infecting organism completes part of its life cycle |
Mechanical vector | transmits the infecting organism from one host to another but is not essential to the life cycle of the parasite |