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Prairie u9 vocab
prairie u9 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Abduction | movement of a limb away from the body |
| 2. Active exercise | a repetitive movement of a part of the body as a result of voluntary contraction and relaxation of the controlling muscles |
| 3. Adduction | movement of a limb toward the body |
| 4. Apathy | absence or suppression of emotion, feeling, concern, or passion; an indifference to stimuli found generally to be exciting or moving |
| 5. AROM | Active Range Of Motion; the range of movement through which a patient can actively (without assistance) move a joint using the adjacent muscles |
| 6. Articulation | the process by which the supraglottal airway is shaped to form consonants and vowels into meaningful, understandable speech |
| 7. Atony | weak; lacking normal tone, as in the case of a muscle that is flaccid |
| 8. Atrophy | a wasting or decrease in size or physiologic activity of a part of the body because of disease |
| 9. Bariatric[s] | field of medicine that focuses on the treatment and control of obesity and diseases associated with obesity |
| 10. Body mechanics | coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain proper balance, posture, and body alignment |
| 11. Calculi | a concretion usually of mineral salts around organic material found especially in hollow organs or ducts |
| 12. Circumduction | the circular movement of the limb or of the eye |
| 13. Contracture | abnormal, usually permanent condition of a joint, characterized by flexion and fixation. It may be caused by an atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers resulting from immobilization or by loss of the normal elasticity of connective tissues or the skin, |
| 14. Constipation | condition characterized by difficulty in the passing of stool or an infrequent passage of hard stool |
| 15. Disuse Osteoporosis | reduction in skeletal mass routinely accompanying immobility or paralysis |
| 16. Dorsal recumbent position | the supine position with the person lying on the back, head, and shoulders |
| 17. Dorsiflexion | flexion toward the back |
| 18. Embolism | an abnormal condition in which an embolus travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel |
| 19. Ergonomics | a scientific discipline devoted to the study and analysis of human work, especially as it is affected by anatomic, psychologic, and other human characteristics |
| 20. Eversion | turning outward or inside out [e.g. turning of the foot outward at the ankle] |
| 21. Extension | a “straightening” movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that increases the angle between two adjoining bones [extending the leg] |
| 22. External rotation | turning outwardly or away from the midline of the body, such as when a leg is externally rotated with the toes turned outward or away from the body’s midline |
| 23. Flexion | a movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that decreases the angle between two adjoining bones [bending the elbow] |
| 24. Footdrop | abnormal neuromuscular condition of the lower leg and foot characterized by an inability to dorsiflex, or evert, the foot, caused by damage to the common peroneal nerve |
| 25. Gravity line | runs from the middle of the forehead to a midpoint between the feet; [laterally] it runs vertically from the middle of the skull to the posterior third of the foot |
| 26. Hyperextension | movement of a joint to a position beyond the joint’s normal maximum extension |
| 27. Hypostatic pneumonia | a type of pneumonia associated with elderly or debilitated people who remain in the same position for long periods; fluids tend to settle in one area of the lungs, increasing the susceptibility to infection |
| 28. Incentive spirometer | encourages voluntary deep breathing providing visual feedback about inspiratory vol. patient inhales until a preset volume is reached,sustains the inspiratory volume holding breath for 3 5 seconds. reduces the risk of atelectasis, pulmonary consolidation. |
| 29. Immobilization | state of being unable to move about freely, caused by any condition in which movement is impaired or therapeutically restricted |
| 30. Internal rotation | turning of a limb about its axis of rotation toward the midline of the body |
| 31. Inversion | condition of being turned or rotated inward [inversion of the foot] |
| 32. Isometric exercise | activities that involve muscle tension without muscle shortening, do not have any beneficial effect on preventing orthostatic hypotension, but may improve activity tolerance |
| 33. Lateral flexion | bending to the side |
| 34. Lateral position | side-lying position |
| 35. Orthopneic position [Orthopnea posture] | a body position that allows a patient to breath comfortably |
| 36. Orthostatic hypotension [Postural hypotension] | abnormally low blood pressure that occurs when an individual suddenly assumes the standing posture; produces dizziness and fainting |
| 37. Osteoporosis | disorder characterized by abnormal rarefaction of bone, occurring most frequently in postmenopausal women, in sedentary or immobilized individuals, and in patients on long-term steroid therapy |
| 38. PROM | Passive Range Of Motion; range of motion exercises through which a joint is moved with assistance |
| 39. Planes of the body | imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body |
| § Frontal plane [coronal plane] | divides body/organ into anterior and posterior portions |
| § Sagittal plane | divides body/organ into right and left sides |
| · Midsagittal plane | equal L&R sides |
| · Parasagittal plane | unequal L&R sides |
| § Transverse plane [Cross-sectional/Horizontal plane] | divides body/organ into superior and inferior portions |
| 40. Plantar flexion | a toe-down flexion of the foot at the ankle |
| 41. Posture | position of the body with respect to the surrounding space |
| 42. Pronation | assumption of a prone position, one in which the ventral surface of the body faces downward |
| 43. Prone position | being in horizontal position when lying face downward |
| 44. ROM | Range Of Motion; the extent of movement of a joint, measured in degrees of a circle |
| 45. Recumbent | lying down or leaning backward |
| 46. Renal calculi [kidney stones, nephritic calculus] | a concretion occurring in the kidney. If the stone is large enough to block the ureter and stop the flow of urine from the kidney, it must be removed by either surgical or radiologic fluoroscopy procedures. |
| 47. Resistive exercise | |
| 48. Rotation | gyration of a bone around its central axis, one of the four basic movements allowed by the various joints of the skeleton |
| 49. Sims’ position [Semiprone side position] | a position in which the patient lies on the side with a knee and thigh drawn upward toward the chest. The chest and abdomen are allowed to fall downward. |
| 50. Supine position [dorsal decubitus, dorsal recumbent position] | position of the arms or body in which the palms of the hands face upward; lying horizontally on the back |
| 51. Tendon contracture | |
| 52. Thrombosis | an abnormal condition in which a clot (thrombus) develops within a blood vessel |
| 53. Thrombus | accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and the cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery, sometimes occluding the lumen of the vessel |
| 54. Tonus [Muscle tone] | the normal state of balanced tension in the body tissues, especially the muscles |
| 55. Trendelenburg position | a position in which the head is low and the body and legs are on an inclined plane |
| 56. Turgor | normal resiliency of the skin caused by the outward pressure of the cells and interstitial fluid |
| 57. Valsalva maneuver | any forced expiratory effort against a closed airway, such as when an individual holds the breath and tightens the muscles in a concerted, strenuous effort to move a heavy object, or to change positions in bed |
| 58. Venostasis [Phlebostasis] | abnormally slow flow of blood in the veins, which are usually distended |
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