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Luiz-test 4 Pain
nursing test 4, Pain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is most important when assessing a client’s pain? | the client’s perception of pain |
| When asked about pain a client states he is having severe discomfort from his arthritis. His vital signs are within normal limits, and he is calmly watching television. Which of the following nursing diagnoses is appropriate? | Chronic Pain |
| Altered Comfort | the state in which an individual experiences an uncomfortable sensation in response to a noxious stimulus |
| A client with an acute bowel obstruction is having ischemic abdominal pain. What type of pain is this? | visceral |
| Somatic pain | arises from ligaments, bones, tendons, blood vessels, and nerves, while ischemic pain is caused by lack of oxygen to the tissues. |
| Which chemical mediator causes the release of histamine and prostaglandins? | bradykinin |
| Potassium | a chemical mediator, but it does not release histamine and prostaglandins |
| According to the gate control theory, pain can be modulated or reduced at all the following points except the: | solar plexus |
| Pain can be modulated or reduced at the | peripheral site |
| An eight-year-old client is crying with pain after a tonsillectomy. Which of the following nursing interventions would be most appropriate for this client? | Instruct him how to turn off the "magic pain switch" on his big toe. |
| A client who describes his pain as 6 on scale of 1 to 10, in which 10 is the most severe pain, is having: | severe pain |
| Severe cancer pain is most effectively treated with analgesics given: | around-the-clock, with extra doses available as needed. |
| An hour after receiving his narcotic analgesic, a client still complains of severe abdominal pain. The nurse asks him, "Does it really hurt that much?" Is this question appropriate? | No. The question suggests the nurse doubts the client’s pain. |
| One of the most common side effects of morphine is: | constipation. |
| Cutaneous pain | pain that originates in the skin or subcutaneous tissue |
| Deep somatic pain | pain that arises from ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, and nerves |
| Intractable pain | pain that is resistant to cure or relief |
| Neurectomy | surgery in which peripheral or cranial nerves are interrupted to alleviate localized pain |
| Neuropathic pain | the result of a disturbance of the peripheral or central nervous system that results in pain that may or may not be associated with an ongoing tissue-damaging process |
| Nociceptor | a pain receptor |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) | drugs that relieve pain by acting on the peripheral nerve endings to inhibit the formation of the prostaglandins that tend to sensitize nerve to painful stimuli; have analgesic, anti-pyretic, and anti-inflammatory effect; include aspirin and ibuprofen |
| Pain reaction | the autonomic nervous system and behavioral responses to pain |
| Pain threshold (pain sensation) | the amount of pain stimulation a person requires before feeling pain |
| Pain tolerance | the maximum amount and duration of pain that an individual is willing to endure |
| Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) | a pain management technique that allows the client to take an active role in managing pain |
| Phantom pain | pain that remains after the perceived location has been removed, such as pain perceived in a foot after the leg has been amputated |
| Placebo | any form of treatment (eg, medication) that produces an effect in the client because of its intent rather than its chemical or physical properties |
| Radiating pain | pain perceived at the source and in surrounding or nearby tissues |
| Referred pain | pain perceived to be in one area but whose source is another area |
| Sympathectomy | severence of the pathways of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system; eliminates vasospasm, improves peripheral blood supply, and is effective in treating painful vascular disorders |
| TENS (Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation) | a noninvasive, nonanalgesic pain control technique that allows the client to assist in the management of acute and chronic pain |
| Visceral pain | results from stimulation of pain receptors in the abdominal cavity, cranium, and thorax |
| the third vital signs | pain |
| pain is sub/OBJ ? | subjective |
| What is pain? | unpleasant side effects associated with disease or injury, causes physical discomfort & suffering |
| reaction | autonomant response, automatic to protect from pain |
| the process of pain | transduction, transmission, perception, modulation |
| transduction | conversion of chemical info at cellular level into electrical impulses |
| transmission | carries sensory info (spinal cord) from peripheral nerv system to the brain |
| perception | conscious |
| modulation | brain interacts with spinal nerves in downward fashion to alter pain experiance |
| characteristics of chronic pain | Lasts >6 mos, remote onset, non-specific and generalized, poor response to drug therapt, persists beyond healing stage, suffering intensified |
| symptoms of acute pain | short duration, (seconds to 6 mos), specific and localized, severity associated, eases with healing and eventually disappears, gradual reduction promotes coping |
| when should pain be assessed? | on addmission, with VS, at least once per shift, at rest and activity, after treatment or procedure, before implementing intervention for pain and 30 min after |
| descriptive adj for pain | hammerlike, dull, shooting, cramping, sharp, piercing, intense, torturing, killing, misreble, unbearable |
| factors effecting pain | ethnic, developmental stage, environment, support, past pain, meaning of pain, anxiety and stress(Makes pain worse) |
| Pain assessment | onset, quality, intensity, location, duration, variations, patterns, alleviating factors, aggravating factors, current regimen, effects of pain, pt goal for control, PE of pain |
| pqrst (quick Assessment) | Precipitation/palliation, Quality, Region, Severity, Timing |
| Sympathetic responses to pain | Diapheresis, dialiated pupils, increase in heart rate |
| parasympathetic response | reversal of sympathetic, skin, VS, pupils return to normal, Pt might feel depressed and withdrawn, Damaging stimulis is still present |
Created by:
lisaluiz
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