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To prevent finger rotation on a PA finger projection, the hand should be positioned ______against the IR.
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On a rotated PA projection, the side of the finger that is rolled (farther from/closer to) the IR will demonstrate the greatest phalangeal midshaft concavity and the ________soft tissue thickness.
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RADT425
Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| To prevent finger rotation on a PA finger projection, the hand should be positioned ______against the IR. | flat |
| On a rotated PA projection, the side of the finger that is rolled (farther from/closer to) the IR will demonstrate the greatest phalangeal midshaft concavity and the ________soft tissue thickness. | farther from, greater |
| Which of the finger MC's is the longest? | 2nd |
| Which of the finger MC's is the shortest? | 5th |
| To accomplish open joint spaces on a PA finger projection, the CR must be aligned (perpendicular/parallel) to the joint space and the IR must be aligned ___________to the joint space. | parallel, perpendicular |
| If the finger is flexed for the PA projection, the joint spaces will be _________ and the phalanges will be _____________. | closed, foreshortened |
| On a patient whose finger is flexed, open IP joint spaces can be obtained by ________ the hand and elevating the proximal MC's until the joint of interest is aligned ______ to the IR. | supinating, perpendicular |
| Accurate CR centering is seen on a PA finger projection by centering a ________CR to the _______joint. | perpendicular, PIP |
| Included within the exposure field on a PA finger projection with accurate positioning are the ____________and half of the _______. | phalanges, MC |
| A poorly positioned PA finger projection demonstrates closed IP & MCP joints and the distal and middle phalanges are foreshortened. How was the patient mispositioned for this view? | the finger was flexed |
| The affected finger is rotated ______degrees from the PA projection for a PA oblique finger projection. | 45 |
| In which direction are the hand and finger rotated for a PA oblique projection when imaging the 3rd through 5th finger? | externally |
| To obtain open IP & MCP joint spaces, the finger needs to be fully __________& positioned __________to the IR. | extended, parallel |
| Accurate CR centering on a PA oblique finger projection is accomplished by centering a ________CR to the _______joint. | perpendicular, Accurate |
| How many degrees from the PA projection should the finger be rotated for a lateral finger projection with accurate positioning? | 90 |
| For the thumb to be positioned in an AP projection, the hand is (internally/externally) rotated and the thumbnail is positioned __________against the IR. | internally, directly |
| When the thumb is rotated away from an AP projection, the amount of phalangeal midshaft concavity increases on the side positioned (farther/closer) from/to the IR | closer |
| To obtain open joint spaces on an AP thumb projection, the thumb is fully ____________and the CR is accurately aligned and centered to the thumb. | extended |
| Accurate CR centering on an AP thumb projection is accomplished by centering a ____________CR to the _______joint. | perpendicular, MCP |
| To obtain a lateral projection of the thumb, rest the hand flat against the IR and then _________it until the thumb rolls into a lateral projection. | flexed |
| Abducting the thumb will decrease the amount of ____________________superimposition of the CM joint. | 2nd proximal MC |
| Accurate CR centering on a lateral thumb projection is accomplished by centering a _____________CR to the _______joint. | perpendicular, MP |
| The affected thumb is rotated _____degrees for accurate positioning for a PA oblique thumb projection. | 45 |
| The thumb is placed in a PA oblique projection when the hand is_____________and the palm surface is placed ________against the IR. | extended, flat |
| To obtain a PA hand projection, ___________the hand and place it________against the IR. | pronate, flat |
| What changes in the joint spaces, phalanges and MC's would be expected on a PA hand projection if the hand is in a flexed position when it is taken? | joint spaces closed, phalanges & MC's foreshortened |
| The hand is rotated______degrees (internally/externally) from the PA projection for a PA oblique hand projection. | 45, externally |
| For a fan lateral hand projection, the digits are most effectively fanned by drawing the second and third fingers (anteriorly/posteriorly) and the fourth and fifth fingers (anteriorly/posteriorly). | anteriorly, posteriorly |
| A lateral hand projection with poor positioning demonstrates the 2nd through 5th MC midshafts are demonstrated without superimposition. The shorter MC is demonstrated anterior to the other MCs. How is this projection mispositioned? | the hand was externally rotated or supinated |
| A lateral hand projection with poor positioning demonstrates superimposed MCs and superimosed digits. How was this projection mispositioned? | the fingers were not fanned |
| To demonstrate the ulnar styloid in profile, the elbow is placed in a/an ________ projection and the humerus is positioned __________with the IR. | lateral, parallel |
| The (anterior/posterior) margin of the distal radius is demonstrated distal to the (anterior/posterior) margin on a PA wrist projection with accurate positioning. | posterior, anterior |
| When the fifth MC and ulna are aligned with the long axis of the collimation field for a PA wrist projection, the distal scaphoid shifts (anteriorly/posteriorly) and is (foreshortened/elongated) and the lunate moves (meidally/laterally). | anteriorly, foreshortened, medially |
| The distal scaphoid shifts (anteriorly/posteriorly) when the wrist is ulnar-deviated. | posteriorly |
| Accurate CR centering on a PA wrist projection is accomplished by centering a ________________CR to the wrist. | perpendicular |
| On a mispositioned PA wrist projection, the posterior margin of the distal radius has been projected too far distal to the anterior margin. How was this projection mispositioned? | the proximal forearm was elevated |
| On a mispositioned PA wrist projection, the scaphoid is elongated, the lunate is entirely positioned distal to the radius and the 3rd MC is not aligned with the long axis of the midforearm. How is this projection mispositioned? | the wrist was in ulnar flexion |
| What routine degree of patient wrist rotation is required for a PA oblique wrist projection? | 45 |
| As a routine, should the wrist be internally or externally rotated from a PA projection? | externally |
| For a PA projection of the wrist, the trapezoid and trapezium are superimposed. Which of these carpal bones is located anteriorly? | trapezium |
| On a PA oblique wrist projection with accurate positioning, the radioulnar joint space is closed. Which surface of the radius is superimposed over the ulna (anterior/posterior). | posterior |
| Accurate CR centering on a PA oblique wrist projection is accomplished by centering a ________________CR to the wrist. | perpendicular |
| Which side of the wrist is placed against the IR for a routine lateral wrist projection? | ulnar |
| In the lateromedial projection, is the pisiform or distal scaphoid positioned closer to the IR? | pisiform |
| Ulnar deviation of the wrist causes the distal scaphoid to be demonstrated (proximal/distal) to the pisiform and radial deviation causes the distal scaphoid to be demonstrated (proximal/distal) to the pisiform on a lateral wrist projection. | distal, proximal |
| Accurate CR centering on a lateral wrist projection is accomplished by centering a(n)_______CR tot he wrist. | perpendicular |
| On an AP forearm projection with accurate positioning, the _________ __________ is centered to the collimated field. This is accomplished by centering a _______CR to the ____________. | forearm midpoint, perpendicular, midforearm |
| An AP projection of the distal forearm has been obtained when the radial styloid is demonstrated in profile (medially/laterally), and superimposition of the radius and _________is minimal. | medially, ulna |
| On a lateral forearm projection with poor positioning, the anterior aspect of the distal scaphoid and ___________are aligned, and the distal radius and ulna are _____________________. | pisiform, superimposed |
| Should the radial tuberosity be demonstrated in profile on a lateral forearm projection with accurate positioning? | no |
| On a lateral forearm projection with poor positioning, the pisiform is demonstrated anterior to the distal scaphoid, and the ulna is anterior to the radius. The proximal forearm demonstrates accurate positioning. How was the projection mispositioned? | the hand & wrist were externally rotated |
| On a lateral forearm projection with poor positioning, the ulnar styloid is projecting distal to the midline of the ulnar head. How is this projection mispositioned? | the elbow was not in a lateral projection but closer to an AP position |
| If the humeral epicondyles are accurately positioned for an AP elbow projection, what other structure can be manipulated to change the degree of radial tuberosity visualization? | the wrist & hand position |
| What 2 aspects of the positioning procedure need to be accurately set up to demonstrate the elbow joint space as an open space on an AP elbow projection? | CR accurately centered to joint, forearm aligned parallel with the IR |
| Accurate CR centering on an AP elbow projection is accomplished by centering a ____________CR ________ __________to the medial epicondyle. | perpendicular, 3/4 inch, distal |
| On a poorly positioned AP elbow, the projection demonstrates the radius crossing over the ulna and the radial tuberosity is not shown in profile. How was this projection mispositioned? | the hand was pronated |
| On a poorly positioned AP elbow, the projection demonstrates a foreshortened proximal forearm and a closed capitulum-radial joint space. How was this projection mispositioned? | the distal forearm was elevated |
| What is the degree of rotation used for AP oblique elbow projection? | 45 |
| On a poorly positioned lateral elbow projection, the olecranon is positioned within the olecranon fossa and the posterior fat pad is demonstrated proximal to the olecranon process. How was this projection mispositioned? | the patient's arm was in extension |
| On a poorly positioned lateral elbow projection, the radial tuberosity is positioned in profile anteriorly. How was this projection mispositioned? | the patient's hand & wrist were supinated |
| An AP projection of the distal humerus has been obtained when_______of the radial head superimposes the ulna. | 1/8 |
| On a proximal humeral projection with accurate positioning, the ____________tubercle is demonstrated laterally in profile. | greater |
| A lateral humeral projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the ______tubercle in profile (medially/laterally). | lesser, medially |
| When positioning the patient for a lateral humeral projection, the ____should be internally rotated until an imaginary line connecting the _____ ________ is positioned perpendicular to the IR. | arm, humeral epicondyle |
Created by:
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