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Ch. 10 A&P
Palestine - Ch. 10 Nervous (Brain & Cranial Nerves)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The largest part of the brain. | Cerebrum |
| The two halves of the cerebrum are called? | Cerebral hemispheres |
| The deep groove between the two halves of the crebrum is called? | Longitudinal fissure |
| The area between the creral heispheres and the brain stem. It includes the thalamus and the hypothalamus | Diencephalon |
| The __________________connects the cerebrum and diencephalon with the spinal cord. | Brain stem |
| The superior portion of the brain stem is the? | Midbrain |
| What does the word cerebellum mean? | "little brain" |
| Three layers of connective tissue that surround both the brain and spinal cord to form a complete enclosure. | Meninges |
| The outermost part of the meninges is the _______________. | Dura mater |
| The middles layer of the meninges is the ___________________. | Arachnoid |
| The innermost layer around the brain is the ____________________. | Pia mater |
| Function of the Cerebrum: | The cortex (outer layer) is site for conscious thought, memory, reasoning, and abstract mental funtions, all localized within specific lobes. |
| Function of the Diencephalon: | Thalamus sorts and redirects sensory input. Hypothalamus maintain hoeostatsis, controls autonomic nervous system and pituitary gland |
| Function of the Brain stem: | Connects cerebrum and diencephalon with spinal cord |
| Function of the Midbrain: | Has reflix centers concerned with vision and hearing. Connects cerebrum with lower portions of the brain. |
| Function of the Pons: | Connects cerebellum with other portions of the brain. Helps to regulate respirations. |
| Functions of the Medulla Oblongata: | Links the brain with the spinal cord. Has centers for control of vital functions, such as respirations and the heartbeat. |
| Functions of the Cerebellum: | Coordinates voluntary muscles. Maintains balance and muscle tone. |
| A clear and colorless liquid that circulates in and around the brain and spinal cord. | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| Function of CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid)? | To support nervous tissue and to cushion shocks that would otherwise injure these delicate structures. This fluid also carries nurtients to the cells nad transports waste products from the cells. |
| CSF flows freely through passageways in and around the brain and spinal cord and finally flows out into the subarachnoid space of the meninges. Much of the fluid then returns to the blood through projections called _________________ in the dural sinuses. | Arachnoid villi |
| Blood-Brain Barrier = Access Denied? | A semipermeable barrier that helps maintain a stable environment within the CNS by allowing some substances to cross it while blocking others. It blocks substances that might adversely affect the brain. |
| The outer nervous tissue of the cerebral heispheres is gray matter that makes up the ____________________. | Cerebral Cortex |
| What lies between the frontal and parietal lobes of each heisphere at right angles to the longitudinal fissure? | Central sulcus |
| Function of the Frontal lobe: | Written speach, motor speech (Broca) area. The speech muscles in the tongue, the soft palate, and the larynx are controlled here. If damaged in this area they will have difficulty in producing speech (motor aphasia) |
| Function of the Parietal lobe: | Primary sensory area, where impulses from the skin, such as touch, pain and temperature, are interpreted. The estimation of distances, sizes, and shapes also takes place here. |
| Function of the Temporal lobe: | Auditory area for receiving and interpreting impulses form the ear. The olfactory area, concerned with the sense of smell, is located in the medial part of the temporal lobe, it is stimulated by impulses arising from receptors in the nose. |
| Function of the Occipital lobe: | The visual area of this lobe contains the visual receiving area and the visual association area for interpreting impulses arising from the retina of the eye. |
| What is the difference between AUDITORY RECEIVING AREA and AUDITORY ASSOCIATION AREA? | The RECEIVING AREA detects sound impulses transmitted from the environment, whereas the ASSOCIATION AREA interprets the sounds. |
| What is the Wernicke area? | Also called the speech comperhension area, functions in speech recognition and the meaning of words. Someone who suffers damage in this region of the brain, as by a stroke, will have difficulty in understanding the meaning of speech. |
| Cranial Nerve I | Olfactory - carries smell impulses form receptors in the nasal mucosa to the brain. |
| Cranial Nerve II | Optic - carries visual impulses from the eye to the brain. |
| Cranial Nerve III | Oculomotor - is concerned with the contraction of most of the eye muscles |
| Cranial Nerve IV | Trochlear - Supplies one eyball muscle |
| Cranial Nerve V | Trigeminal - Carries sensory impulses from eye, upper jaw, and lower jaw toward the brain. |
| Cranial Nerve VI | Abducens - another nerve sending controlling impulses to an eyball muscle |
| Cranial Nerve VII | Facial - facial expressions, special sensory fibers ofr taste (anterior two-thirds of the tongue), and it contains secretory fibers to the smaller salivary glands and the lacrimal (tear) gland. |
| Cranial Nerve VIII | Vestibulocochlear - carries sensory impulses for hearing and equilibrium from the inner ear. This nerve was formerly called the auditory or acoustic nerve. |
| Cranial Nerve IX | Glossopharyngeal - Carries sensory impulses from ongue and pharynx, controls swallowing muscles and stimulates the parotid salivary glands. |
| Cranial Nerve X | Vagus - Supplies most ot ghe organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities; carries motor impulses to the larynx and pharynx |
| Cranial Nerve XI | Accessory - Conrols muscles in the neck and larynx |
| Carnial Nerve XII | Hypoglossal - Controls muscles of the tongue |
Created by:
miller120304
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