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Radiation Protection
chapter 1, 3, and 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atoms are.. | neutral |
| atomic number is known as.. | # of protons is |
| atomic mass is known as.. | protons plus neutrons |
| alpha radiation does not.. | does not penetrate as well as other types of radiation. |
| size of alpha particles | very large radiation |
| do alpha particles move slow or fast? | slow moving particles |
| are film badges sensitive to alpha radiation? | no |
| are alpha particles used in medical use | no |
| speed and size of beta particles | high speed electrons that are small (bullet) |
| where are beta particles produced? | in or near the nucleus |
| are beta particles used medically? | yes in therapeutic radiation |
| frequencie is.. | # of wavelengths per second |
| wavelength is.. | distance between the waves |
| amplitude is.. | height of waves |
| the higher the energy of electromagnetic radiation the better... | it can penetate |
| x-rays are produced.. | outside the nucleus |
| gamma rays are produced.. | inside the nucleus |
| roentgen measures.. | ionization in air=coulombs |
| what is measure of absorbed dose? | Rad=Gray |
| what is measure of occupational? | Rem=Sievert |
| What measures rate of nuclear decay of material? | Curie/Becquerel measures |
| What is half life? | time it takes for radioactive material to decay to 50% of its original |
| alpha is made up of what? | 2 protons and 2 neutrons |
| how much energy does alpha carry? | ALOT |
| Who discovered the naturally o curing substances emitted from radiation? | Becquerel |
| Who named alpha, beta, and gamma | Rutherford |
| What is the mass and charge for x-ray and gamma? | No charge |
| from left to right name the wavelength... | gamma, x-rays, visible light, microwave, radio |
| What is measured in the film badge? | Rem; Sievert |
| What is capable of providing an immediate reading? | Pocket dosimeter |
| Which is the least expensive radiation monitoring device? | Film Badge |
| How many half life values are required to 100R/minute exposure rate to 25R/minute? | 2 |
| X-rays can only be focused by a collimator. TRUE/FALSE | FALSE |
| In the production of characteristic radiation at the tungston target, the incoming electron does what? | ejects an inner-shell electron |
| Irradiation of water molecules within the body, and their resulting breakdown is termed what? | radiolysis |
| Compton interaction affects the making of a radiograph by increasing what? | FOG |
| The x-ray interaction within the diagnostic radiographic range that does not cause ionization is... | classical/coherent/thompson usually occurs under 10 keV |
| The output of an x-ray machine is usually measured as... | exposure to roentgens |
| which is most important in reducing patient dose? | collimation |
| The reduction of the intensity of radiation as it passes through a material is known as what? | attenuation |
| What is a radiation survey instrument? | cutie-pie |
| Radiation monitoring instruments depend on what? | ionization |
| What radiation monitoring device is considered most accurate? | Optically stimulated Iluminescence dosimeter (OSL) b/c its not heat sensitive |
| Number of disintegration per second is? | becquerel (curie) |
| What is the cumulative dose equivalent limits for a 25 year old radiation worker? | 250msv (25rem) |
| What are 2 types of general types of radiation detection devices? | Field survey and personnel monitoring |
| a beta particle can carry.. | a positive or negative charge |
| mas= | quanity |
| kvp= | quality |
| If it is assumed that there is no threshold dose of radiation, this means that.. | even small amounts of radiation are potentially harmful. |
| Which 2 organizations responsible for promoting professionalism among techs? | ASRT & TS/SNM |
| The generally significant dose is increasing as a result of what? | defensive medicine & increased diagnostic efficacy |
| What is the relationship between law and ethics? | Law is based on ethics |
| Primary Purpose of licensure? | to improve patient care |
| One rad is equal to how many grays? | 0.01 |
| the measurement of radiation by scientific means is.. | dosimetry |
| The field monitoring device that functions similarly to the automatic exposure control in an x-ray unit is the: | scintillation counter |
| What personnel device provides the best legal record? | film badge |
| Reading on a radiation dosimetry report indicated what? | minimal exposure |
| What are the 2 polyenergetic for a given atom? | x-radiation and beta radiation |
| The half value layer of gamma radiation from a given atom is the same, no matter how many thickness of material the radiation has passed through. TRUE/FALSE | TRUE |
| The rate in which energy is deposited in matter describes.. | linear energy transfer |
| As Z number increases the probability of compton scatter does what? | decreases |
| When electrons strive to fill shells and give off x-rays in the process is known as what? | characteristic cascade |
| Which causes excitation rather than ionization? | coherent/classical/thompson |
| What is most likely an outer-orbit interaction? | compton scatter |
| which of the following is the basis for using lead aprons? | photoelectric effect |
| Advantages of a film badge... | cheap, easy to handle and process, permanent record of exposure, wide range of sensitivity |
| Disadvantages of a film bade... | wait for reading, accurate at only 10 mrem or higher, fogging |
| traditionally you can film badges for how long? | one month |
| How long can TLD's be worn? | 3 months |
| Advantages of a TLD.. | tissue equivalent, worn 3 months, can be re-used, highly accurate, do not fog |
| Disadvantages of a TLC... | $$, no permanent record |
| TLD stands for.. | Thermoluminescent dosimeters |
| Advantages of a pocket dosimeter... | immediate readings, used for people who are not normally monitored like visitors. must be re calibrated daily. |
| Disadvantages of a pocket dosimeter... | easy to misread, chemicals can leak causing misread, and also mechanical trauma can change the reading. |
| 3 types of field survey instruments.. | ionization chamber, geiger-mueller counter, scintillation counter |
| what field survey instrument is housed in the detector probe? | geiger-mueller counter |
| the detector probe does what? | it is a very thin window, and it allows for the detection of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. It is not sensitive to very low particles however. |
| In a nuclear medicine lab where radioactive materials are stored is an example of what? | a GM |
| What produces small flashes of light upon exposure to radiation which can be measured? | scintillation counter |
| the most sensitive detector in the field survey is.. | the scintillation counter |
| what field survey detector is most widely used? | ionization chamber b/c they are accurate and sensitive to a wide range of radiation, and they are also Portable! |
| pair production usually happen in what keV? | above 1.02, does not usually occur until 10 mev has been reached |
| x-ray and gamma radiation are considered to be low -LET because/low Si radiation b/c... | very penetrating, do not give up on energy quickly, not a high rate of ionization per cent., & do little bio damage. |
| Alpha and Beta are considered high-LET/high Si because... | do not penetrate well, give up on energy, and cause lrg. rate of ionization per cent, and cause a lot of damage |
Created by:
chrystal87
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