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PharmCh17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a-adrenergic receptors | a class of adrenergic receptors that are further subdivided into a1- and a2- adrenergic receptors, occurs on the surface of postsynaptic effector cells, and are differentiated by their anatomic location in the tissues, muscles, and organs |
| adrenergic receptors | receptor sites for the sympathetic neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine |
| adrenergics | drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. They are also referred to as adrenergic agonists or sympathomimetics because they mimic the effects of the sympathetic neurotransmitters noreinephrine and epinephrine |
| autonomic functions | Bodily functions that are involuntary and result from physiologic activity of the autonomic nervous system. The functions often occurs in pairs of opposing actions between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. |
| autonomic nervous system (ANS) | a branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls autonomic bodily functions. It consists of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system. |
| B-adrenergic receptors | receptors located on postsynaptic effector cells of tissues, muscles, & organs stimulated by autonomic nerve fibers. B1-adrenergic are loc. primarily in the heart, B2 are located in the smooth muscle of the bronchioles & arterioles & the visceral organs. |
| catecholamines | substance that can produce a sympathomimetic response. They are either endogenous catecholamines (such as epinephrine, noeepinepherine and dopamine) or synthetic catcholamine drugs (such as dobutamine) |
| dopaminergic receptors | a third type of adrenergic receptors (in addition to a-adrenergic and B-adrenergic receptors) located in various tissues and organs and activiated by the binding of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which occurs in both endogenous and synthetic(drug) forms |
| mydriasis | pupillary dilation, whether natural (physiologic) or drug induced. |
| ophthalmics | topically applied eye medications |
| positive chronotropic effect | an incerease in heart rate |
| positive dromotropic effect | an increase in the conduction of cardiac electrical impulses through the atrioventricular node, which results in the transfer of nerve action potentials from the atria to the ventricles. |
| positive intropic effect | an increase in the force of contraction of the heart muscle (myocardium) |
| synaptic cleft | the space either between two adjecent nerve cell membranes or between a nerve cell membrane and an effector cell membrane |
| What drugs stimulate the sympathetic nervous system? | adrenerigic drugs |
| Where are adrenergic receptors located? | throughout the body |
| What are the predominant alpha adrenergic agonist responses? | vasoconstriction and CNS stimulation |
| What are the beta-adrenergic agonist responses? | glycogenolysis; cardiac stimulation(just alittle); bronchial, GI, unterine smooth muscle relaxation |
| Name adrenergic receptors that are the receptors for the sympathetic neurotransmitters? | alpha, beta and dopamine receptors |
| another name for adrenergic drugs. | adrenerigic agonists, sympathomemetics |
| How are alpha adrenergic receptors differentiated? | by their location relative to the nerve |
| Where are beta adrenergic receptors located? | all are laocated on the post synaptic effector cells. |
| What do alpha adrenergic receptors control the release of? | nuerotransmitters |
| What do beta adrenergic receptors do? | waits to be stimulated by a neurotransmitter or a drug that acts like a neurotransmitter |
| what are some effects from the alpha adrenergic drugs? | increaed b/p (vasoconstriction of blood vessels), relax GI smooth muscles, contract uterus and bladder, decrease release of insulin, dilate pupils |
| What are some effect from the beta adrenergic drugs? | beta 1-increased force of contration, increased heart rate, increaed conduction through AV node beta 2_relazed bronchi, uterine relazation, glycogenolysis, increaed renin secretion in kidneys |
| what are used for the treatment of asthma and bronchoitis? | bronchodilators |
| what is used as a quick acting inhaled bronchodilators? | albuterol (Proventil/Ventolin) |
| what is used as a long acting inhaled broncodilators? | salmeterol (Serevent, Advair) |
| How long does the long acting inhaled bronchodilators last? (in general/on average? | 12 hours |
| what agents stimulate beta2 adrenergic receptors of bronchoial smooth muscles-causing relaxtion and are known as beta 2 agonists? | bronchodilators |
| what is used in the treatment of open angle glaucoma? | Alpha adrenergic receptors, like Visine & tetrahydrozoline (Murine) |
| what class of drugs are used to support the heart during cardiac failure or shock? | vasoactive sympathomimetics (pressors, inotropes) |
| what is another name for vasoactive sympathomimetics? | cardioselective sympathomimetics |
| Name the three drugs that are used as vasoactive sympathomimetics? | doutamine, dopamine, epinephrine |
| what is dobutamine used for? | to increase stroke volume, increase cardiac output, increase cardiac contractility |
| what is epinephrine used for? | to increase heart rate, increase b/p, vascoconstriction |
| what are low doses of dopamine used for? | dilate blood vessels in the brain, heart, kidneys,mesentry |
| what are high doses of dopamine used for? | increase cardiac contractility, increase cardiac output |
| what is a naturally occuring catecholamine neurotransmitter? | dopamine |
| what does epinephrine relieve? | acute bronchospasm, laryngeal edema of anaphylaxis. |
| How is epinephrine given? | IM, IV, topically, inhalation. NEVER orally! |
| why do you not give epinephrine orally? | b/c GI and liver enzymes destroy it |
| What are the reaction times for epinephrine? | IV-immedidately SC- produces bronchodilation w/in 5-10 minutes (slowest) |
| Name some adverse effects for alpha -adrenergic drugs. | CNS-headaache, restlessness, excitement, insomnia, euporia CV- increased heart rate, dysrhythmias, tachycardia, vasoconstriction, hypertension. Other- anorexia, dry mouth, N/V, urinary rention in older men w/prostrate issues |
| Name some adverse effects for beta-adrenergic drugs. | CNS- headache, mild tremors, nervousness, dizziness CV- increase heart rate, dysrhythmias, fluctations in b/p Other- sweating, N/V, muscle cramps |
| what drugs are used for the prevention of bronchospasms NOT management f acute symptoms? | salmeterol (Serevent, Advair), formoterol (Symbicort) |
| what drugs will kill tissue if it infiltrates surrounding tissues? | dobutamine & dopamine |
| What are some positive effects results from adrenergic drugs? | decreases edema, indreased LOC, increased urinary output, improved skin color & temp., normal vital signs |
| what med is used for bronchodilating and nasal decopngestant effects? | pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) |
| what casues the release of noerprinephrine, produces more CNS stimulation and may prevent bronchospasm? | ephedrine |
Created by:
cspearsall
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