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Cardio & GI Drugs
Palestine - Cardiovascular & GI Drugs (Bland) REVISED
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are Antianginals? | Any agent used to relieve angina perctoris (chest pain). |
| Name 4 antianginal drugs. | NTG (Nitroglycerin), Procardia (Nifedipine), Calan (Verapamil HCL), Isordil (Isorbide Dinitrate) |
| NTG (Nitroglycerin) S.L. (sublingual) or Nasal Inhaler may be taken every ___________ minutes X ________ doses if needed for relief of C.P.. Transport to E.D. Check __________ - orthostatic HTN, headache, faintness and dizziness. | 5, 3, BP |
| NTG | Nitroglycerin |
| Procardia | Nifedipine |
| Calan | Verapamil HCL |
| Isordil | Isorbide Dinitrate |
| What are Anti Arrhythmics? | A drug or physical force that acts to control or prevent cardiac arrhythmias. |
| What are Anti Hypertensives/ Calcium Channel Blockers? | Used to lower BP. Calcium Channel Blockers - Any of a group of drugs that slow the influx of calcium ions into smooth muscle cells, resulting in decreased arterial resistance and oxygen demand. |
| Name 6 Anti Hypertensives/ Calcium Channel Blockers. | Cardizem (Diltiazem HCL), Norvasc (Amlodipine Besylate), Plendil (Felodipine), Calan (Verapamil), Tiazac, Cartia (Diltiazem HCL, Procardia (Nifedipine) |
| What are the nursing implications for Anti Hypertensives/ Calcium Channel Blockers? | Check BP and Pulse, hold and notify MD if low or irregular. |
| What are the nursing implications/ possible side effects for Plendil? | Observe for GI, CNS and GU disturbances. (i.e. Impotence) |
| What are Anti Hypertensives/Beta Blockers? | Is a class of drugs used for various indications, but particularly for the management of cardiac arrhythmias, cardioprotection after myocardial infarction (heart attack), and hypertension. |
| Name 5 Anti Hypertensives/Beta Blockers | Lopressor or Toprol, Temormin, Zebeta, Inderal, Coreg |
| What are the nursing implications/ possible side effects for Anti Hypertensives/Beta Blockers? | Use cautiously in diabetics, can cause hypoglycemia. Can cause legs to swell |
| What are Anti Hypertensives/Alpha Blockers? | Pharmacological agents that act as antagonists of adrenergic receptors. α blockers are used in the treatment of several conditions, such as Raynaud's disease, hypertension, and scleroderma. |
| Name 2 Anti Hypertensives/Alpha Blockers. | Cardura, Catapres |
| What is an advantage of using Anti Hypertensives/Alpha Blockers? | Helps smooth tissues |
| What are Anti Hypertensives/Ace Inhibitors (Prils)? | Group of pharmaceuticals that are used primarily in treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure, in some cases as the drugs of first choice. |
| Name 2 Anti Hypertensives/Ace Inhibitors (Prils). | Vasotec (Enalapril), Monopril (Fosinopril) |
| What is a side effect of Anti Hypertensives/Ace Inhibitors (Prils)? | Dry persistent cough |
| What are Anti Hypertensives/Angiotensin II Blockers (Ace Cousins) (Sartans)? | A group of pharmaceuticals which modulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Their main use is in hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage due to diabetes) and congestive heart failure. |
| Name one Anti Hypertensives/Angiotensin II Blocker. | Avapro (Irbesartan) |
| What are the nursing implications/ possible side effects for Anti Hypertensives/Angiotensin II Blockers? | Do not use in pregnancy - Fatal to the fetus! |
| What are Anti Hypertensives/combo drugs? | A drug that has a diuretic and an ACE inhibitor, to control hypertension. |
| What are the nursing implications for Anti Hypertensives/combo drugs? | Observe BP and Urine output and K+ levels. |
| What are diuretics? | Promote fluid loss. |
| Name 2 diuretics. | Lasix (Furosemide), Aldactone |
| What is Aldactone also used for besides a diuretic? | Hypertension |
| What are the nursing implications/ possible side effects for diuretics? | May decrease K+ levels - require K+ supplements, monitor BP, I&O, urine output and signs of hypokalemia, weigh daily. |
| What are Antihyperlipidemics? | They reduce the manufacture of cholesterol in our liver. The most frequently prescribed drugs are generically called "statins", because their chemical names all end with…..statin! |
| When should you take an Antihyperlipidemic drug? | At night. It works best when our body is at rest. |
| What are the nursing implications/ possible side effects for Antihyperlipidemic drug? | Check GI disturbances; Statins - monitor liver function; Monitor lipid levels; Can cause gastritis. |
| Name the most common Antihyperlipidemic drug. | Lipitor (Atorvastatin) |
| What is an Anticoagulant? | Apart from heparin, most of these chemicals work by binding calcium ions, preventing the coagulation proteins from using them and stopping blood clotting. |
| What are the nursing implications/ possible side effects for Anticoagulants? | Check sign and symptoms of increased bleeding. Monitor APTT level with Heparin; Monitor PT / INR level with Coumadin |
| Name 6 Anitcoagulants. | Heparin, Coumadin, Plavix, ASA (Aspirin), Lovenox, Trental |
| What does APTT stand for? | A performance indicator measuring the efficacy of both the "intrinsic" and the common coagulation pathways. Apart from detecting abnormalities in blood clotting, it is also used to monitor the treatment effects with heparin, a major anticoagulant. |
| What does PT stand for? | It measures the extrinsic pathway. They are used to determine the clotting tendency of blood, in the measure of warfarin dosage, liver damage, and vitamin K status. |
| How is Heparin administered? | Injection |
| What kind of anecdote is Coumadin? | Vitamin K |
| How is Coumadin administered? | Tablet |
| What are Thrombolytics? | They are used in medicine to dissolve blood clots in a procedure termed thrombolysis. They limit the damage caused by the blockage of the blood vessel. They are called "Clot Busters" or the True Clot Busters |
| Name 3 Thrombolytics. | Activase, Streptase, Urokinase |
| When are Thrombolytics given? | When all signs, symptoms, and tests indicate a MI (Heart Attack). |
| What are the nursing implications/ possible side effects for Thrombolytics? | Monitor for bleeding, increased ICP Intracranial Pressure), cardiac monitoring |
| What are Cardiac Glycosides? | They are used therapeutically mainly in the treatment of cardiac failure, due to their anti-arrhythmic effects |
| Name one Cardiac Glycoside. | Digitek, Lanoxin |
| What are the nursing implications/ possible side effects for Cardiac Glycosides? | Always check Apical HR for a whole 1 minute. Don't give if HR below 60 or above 100. |
| What are Digestive Enzymes? | Any enzyme that causes or aids in digestion. |
| Name 2 Digestive Enzymes? | Pancrease & Lactaid (Lactase Enzyme) |
| What are the nursing implications/ possible side effects for Digestive Enzymes? | Assess B.S. (Bowel Sounds)& BM's (Bowel Movements), GI symptoms and if relieved |
| What are Antisecretory drugs? | Inhibiting or decreasing secretion, especially gastric secretions. |
| Name 5 Antisecretory drugs. | Prilosec, Prevacid, Nexium, Protonix, Aciphex |
| What are Antisecretory/Histamine blockers? | Thy are a class of drugs used to block the action of histamine on parietal cells in the stomach, decreasing the production of acid by these cells. |
| Name 4 Antisecretory/Histamine blockers. | Tagament, Zantac, Axid, Pepcid |
| What are the nursing implications/ possible side effects for Antisecretory/Histamin blockers? | Assess CNS effects on elderly using Tagament |
| What are Antacids? | They buffer gastric acid, raising the pH to reduce acidity in the stomach. |
| Name 4 Antacids. | Maalox (Malanta), Carafate, Mylicon (Gas X), Amphogel (Aluminum Hydroxide) |
| What are the nursing implications/ possible side effects for Antacids? | Check for aluminum toxicity with Amphogel (Aluminum Hydroxide) |
| What are GI Stimulants? | Laxative |
| Name 2 GI Stimulants. | Xalatan, Reglan |
| What is Reglan used for? | It increases muscle contractions in upper digestive tract. This speeds up the rate at which the stomach empties into the intestines. |
| What are Emetics? | Induce vomiting |
| Name one Emetic drug. | Ipecac |
| What are the nursing implications for Emetics. | Know type of poison ingested before administering. |
| What are Antiemetics? | is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics and chemotherapy directed against cancer. |
| Name 8 Anti Emetic drugs. | Zofran, Compazine, Tigan, Kytril, Bonine:Antivert (Meclizine), Dramamine, Phenagran, Visteril |
| Who is Zofran given to? | Chemo patients |
| Side effect of Compazine. | Can paralyze patients that are allergic to it |
| What is Bonine:Antivert (Meclizine) used for? | Motion Sickness |
| What are Anti Diarrhea drugs? | Used to treat diarrhea. |
| Name 3 Anti Diarrhea drugs. | Imodium (OTC), Lomotil, Kaopectate (OTC) |
| What are Laxatives & Stool Softners? | The are foods, compounds, or drugs taken to induce bowel movements or to loosen the stool, most often taken to treat constipation. (Bowel Prepartion) |
| Name 7 Laxatives/Stool Softners. | Citro-Mag, MOM (Milk of Magnesia Mag. Hydroxide), Ducolax, Colace, Pare goric, Metamucil, GoLytely |
| What are the nursing implications/ possible side effects for Laxatives/Stool Softners? | Can disrupt bowels and electrolyte balance, Note time of action for laxatives/stool softners and give accordingly, COCAF BM's and note effectiveness, may be habit forming |
| What are Motion Sickness drugs? | Used to treat Motion Sickness. A condition in which a disagreement exists between visually perceived movement and the vestibular system's sense of movement. |
| Name one Motion Sickness drug. | Dramamine |
| What are the nursing implication for Motion Sickness drugs. | Give 30 min. before motion. |
| Vitamins & Naturals - Know brand name and generic name | Folic acid (Vit. B), Theragram: MVI (Multivitamins),Ascorbic Acid (Vit. C), Ferrous Sulfate (Iron), Epsom Salt (Magnesium Sulfate), Vitamin E, Quinine (Quinine Sulfate), Thiamine (Vit. B1/Thiamine,Phytomadione (Vit. K/Phytonadione, KCL (Potassium Chloride |
| What are the nursing implications/ possible side effects for Vitamins & Naturals? | Take as directed. check for interaction w/Meds. |
| What can B Vitamins cause? | Yellow urine |
| What are the nursing implications for KCL (Potassium chloride). | Check electrolyte levels |
| What vitamins are fat soluble? | A, E, D, K |
| What vitamins are water soluble? | B & C |
| What vitamin are used for alcoholism? | Vitamin B1 and Thiamine |
| What vitamin are used to treat blood clotting? | Vitamin K |
| What vitamin/natural is important for pregnant women to take? | Folic Acid |
| What are Vasopressors used for? | Increase BP & P, Emergency drugs |
| Name 2 Vasopressors. | Dopamine and Dobutrex |
| What does an Upper Gastric Emptying drug do? | Increases muscle tone in the esophageal sphincter in people with gastroesophageal reflux disease. It also increases gastric emptying in people with diabetic gastroparesis. It has been used to treat bowel constipation. |
| Name 1 Upper Gastric Emptying drug. | Propulsid |
| Beta Blockers are under what class? | Anti Hypertinsives |
| Prazoles are in the ______________class. | Anti Secretory |
| Angiotensin II Blockers are in what class? | Anti Hypertensives |
| What class are the Histamine blockers in? | Anti Secretory |
| What class are the Ace Inhibitors in? | Anti Hypertensives |
| What class are the Alpha Blockers in? | Anit Hypertensives |
| What class are the Calcium Channel Blockers in? | Anti Hypertensives |
Created by:
miller120304
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