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Pharm_DM

drugs for diabetes 1 and 2

QuestionAnswer
Lispro (humalog), Aspart (novalog), Glulisine (Aspidra) Fast acting insulin, onset in 15 minutes
NPH intermediate acting insulin, onset in 2-4 hours
Glargine (Lantus), Detemir (Levemir) Long acting insulin, onset 12 to 24 hours
Metformin (glucophage) drug that is a Biguanide
Biguanide precautions/contraindications (Insulin sensitizer)renal insufficiency, causes lactic acidosis, avoid use with alcohol, precautions with nifedipine or furosemide
Pioglitazone (Actos), Rosiglitazone (Avandia) Thiazolidinediones (increases insulin sensitivity)
Thiazolidinediones precautions and contraindications renal insufficiency, liver dysfunctionoral contraceptive pill,CHF,peripheral edema occurs withing the first 6 mos of therapy in some pts.
chlopromanide (Diabinese), tolbutamide (Orinase), glyburide (Diabeta), glipizide (Glucatrol), glimiperide (Amaryl) Sulfonylureas (stimulates insulin release from functional pancreatic beta cells)
Sulfonylureas contraindications and precautions renal insufficiency, hypoglycemia is common adverse effect, pregnancy category C
nateglinide (Starlix), repaglinide (Prandin) Meglitinide Analogues (oral hypoglycemics)
Meglitinide analogues precautions and contraindications hypoglycemia, precaution with antifungals, erythromycin,Contraindicated for insulin-dependent DM pts, Pregnancy Category C
acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset) alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (delays glucose absorption)
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors precautions and contraindications intestinal obstruction, liver dysfunction
Exenatide (Byetta) incretin mimetic
Byetta precautions and contraindications renal insufficiencyprecaution with sulfonyureanot for treatment of T1DM
incretin mimetic improves normal release of insulin from pancreas by preserving beta cell function and increasing beta cell mass; suppressing inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion an delaing gastric empting by reducing appetite
Regular insulin short acting insulin, peak is 30 minutes
70/30 Regular/NPH (intermediate)
75/25 fast acting/intermediate, example: Novolog/NPH
Biguanide (action) insulin sensitizer; reduces hepatic glucose output.
incretin GI hormone that triggers the release of insulin by beta-cells in the pancrease after eating--> lowers blood glucose. Decreases the production of glucagon my alpha cells.
Why does metformin (glucophage) have a black box warning? It increases blood lactate levels that may cause lactic acidosis.
Created by: mcantorna
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