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Chp. 52
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This balance depends on multiple physiologic processes that regulate fluid intake and output and the movement of water and the substances dissolved in it between the body compartments? | Homeostasis |
| Approximately ________ of the average healthy adult's weight is _________ the primary body fluid | 60%, water |
| Water is vital to health and normal cellular function, serving as: | A medium for metabolic reactions within cells, a transporter for nutrients, waste products, and other substances, a lubricant, an insulator and shock absorber, and one means of regulating and maintaing body temperature. |
| Infants have the _______ proportion of water, accounting for ___ to _____ of their body weight. | highest, 70to80% |
| In people older than ____ years of age, it represents only about _____ of the total body weight. | 60, 50% |
| Do women or men have a lower percentage of body water? | Women |
| _______ makes up a greater precentage of a lean person's body weight than an obese person's. | Water |
| Found within the cells of the body, and it constitutes approximately two-thirds of the total body fluids in adults. | Intracellular fluid (ICF) |
| Found outside the cells and accounts for about one-third of total body fluid, and it is subdivided into compartments. | Extracellular fluid (ECF) |
| Two main compartments of Extracellular Fluid are: | Intravascular and Interstitial. |
| Accounts for approximately 20% of the ECF and is found within the vascular system. | Intravascular fluid or plasma |
| Accounting for approximately 75% of the ECF, surrounds the cells. | Interstitial fluid |
| The other compartments of the ECF are what? | Lymph and transcellular fluids. |
| Examples of transcellular fluid include? | cerebrospinal, pericardial, pancreatic, pleural, intraocular, biliary, peritoneal, and synovial fluids. |
| Salt sodium chloride breaks up into one ion of sodium and one ion of chloride. These charged particles are called what? | Electrolytes because they are capable of conducting electricity. |
| Postive charged ions are called what?Negative charged ions are called what? | Cations & Anions |
| Ex. of Cations? | Na, K, Ca, Mg. |
| Ex. of anions? | Cl, HCO3, HPO4, SO4 |
| Electrolytes generally are measured in what? | Milliequivalents per liter of water or milligrams per 100 milliliters |
| Extracellular fluid principal electrolytes are? | Sodium, Chloride, and bicarbonate. Other electrolytes such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium are also present but in much smaller quantities. |
| ________ and _______ are the primary cations present in ICF, with ______ and _______ anions. | Potassium and magnesium; phosphate and sulfate. |
| While these mebranes are completely permeable to water, they are considered to be __________ to solutes as substances move across them with varying degrees of ease. | Selectively permeable |
| The movement of water across cell membranes form the less concentrated solution to more concentrated solution | Osmosis |
| ______ is detemined by the total solute concentration within a fluid compartment and is measured as parts of solute per kilogram of water. | Osmolality |
| A solution has the same osmolality as body fluids is what? Ex of this is what? | Isotonic; normal saline, 0.9% sodium chloride. |
| Solutions have higher osmolatity than body fluids? Ex. is? | Hypertonic; 3% sodium chloride |
| Solutions have a lower osmolatity that body fluids? Ex. is? | Hypotonic; one-half normal saline 0.45 sodium chloride. |
| The continual intermingling of molecules in liquids, gases, or solids brought about by the random movement of the molecules. Ex would be? | Diffusion; two gases become mixed by the constant motion of their molecules. |
| ______ is a process whereby fluid and solutes move together across a membrane from one compartment to another. The movement is from an area of higher pressure to one of lower pressure. | Filtration |
| What is the pressure exerted by a fluid within a closed system on the walls of a container in which it is contained. | Hydrostatic pressure |
| The principle involved in hydrostatic pressure is that fluids move from the area of _____ pressure to the area of ______ pressure. | Higher to Lower |
| Ex of hydrostatic pressure is? | Plasma proteins in the blood exert a colliod osmatic or oncotic pressure that opposes the hydrostatic pressure and holds the fluid in the vasuclar compartment to maintain the vascular volume. |
| Substances can move across cell membranes from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one is? | Active Transport |
| Active Transport differs from diffusion and osmosis how? | Metabolic Energy is expended. |
| In active transport, a substance combines with a _____ on the outside surface of the cell membrane, and they move to the _______ surface of the cell membrane. | Carrier, Inside |
| Active transport process is of _____ ______ in maintaining the differences in sodium and potassium ion concentrations of ECF and ICF. | particular importance |
Created by:
bswint
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