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General Science

ASVAB General Science Review

QuestionAnswer
biology (bi/o + -logy) the study of life
botany the study of plants
zoology (zo/o + -logy) the study of animals
geophysics, geology, geodesy, meteorology, planetary magnetism, oceanography earth sciences
geodesy (ge/o + desy) the study of the size of the earth
chemistry the study of matter
the divisions of the sciences life, earth, physical
physics the study of the forces of matter and energy
scientific problem solving the scientific method
the five (5) steps collectively known as the scientific method observation, hypothesis, experiment, theory, law or principle
homeostasis balanced internal environment
the unity principle all living species share common characteristics
protoplasm basic living substance
enzyme speeds up chemical reactions
replicate to make an exact copy
metabolism biochemical activities
adaptation survival trait
species the basic unit of classification among living things; a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring
life functions the 8 activities necessary to sustain life
the eight (8) activities necessary for life nutrition, circulation, respiration, excretion, synthesis, regulation, growth, reproduction
nutrition ingestion, digestion, assimilation
nutrients (Nachooo :P) food molecules or particles
ingestion taking in food
digestion changing nutrients into forms usable to a cell
assimilation changing nutrients into protoplasm
circulation movement of fluid within the body
respiration breathing and cellular respiration
breathing air moving into the lungs or water moving over the gills; O2 moves into the blood and CO2 moves out of the blood
cellular respiration releasing energy from glucose (sugar)
excretion removal of respiratory waste products; performed by lungs, skin, kidneys
synthesis building small molecules into bigger ones
amino acids protein building blocks
hormone chemical messenger; produced by endocrine glands
regulation control and coordination
body systems that coordinate the nervous and endocrine systems
auxins regulate plant growth and development
growth increase in cell size and number
mitosis type of cell division that produces offspring
reproduction producing new life
the two (2) kinds of reproduction asexual and sexual
asexual reproduction offspring created with one parent
chromosome small "body" in a nucleus made of genes
sexual reproduction offspring created with two parents
gamete sex cell
cell basic unit of life
organelle little organ within a cell
cell membrane plasma membrane; holds the cell together and allows selective passage
selective passage controlling what goes in and out of a cell
cytoplasm cellular living substance
nucleus control center organelle
endoplasmic reticulum transportation organelle
ribosome protein synthesis organelle
golgi body golgi apparatus; storage organelle
mitochondrion cellular respiration or powerhouse organelle
lysosome enzyme releasing organelle
genes genetic information responsible for hereditary traits passing from parent to offspring
cell wall the outer part of the plant cell
cellulose makes up the cell wall
chlorophyll contain chloroplasts; participates in photosynthesis
photosynthesis converts sun energy into nutrients
flagella or cilia functions in movement
compound made of two or more substances
inorganic not made of C; water, mineral salts
organic made of C; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
carbohydrate organic compound with a H:O = 2:1 which means it's an energy source
glucose carbohydrate made of C6H12O6
lipid fat; organic compound with a H:O > 2:1 which means it's > carbohydrate as an energy source
protein organic compound made of C H O N
nucleic acid organic compound made of C and H
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) organic compound that makes up genes
catalyst controls chemical reaction rates
meiosis type of cell division that produces gametes
fertilzation union of sperm and egg
artifical twinning creating clones by splitting embryos
plant kingdom includes all plant species
multicellular many-celled
specilization different cells perform different tasks
division of labor groups of cells work together to perform a life function
algae single-celled plant species that can live in fresh or salt water
terrestrial land-dwelling
roots anchor plants in the soil and absorb water and dissolved materials
the three (3) plant body parts roots, stems, leaves
Created by: Ms.Quita
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