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Industrialization
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Henry Bessemer | developed a process to make steel stronger and more affordable |
| Andrew Carnegie | Starts to make steel in Pittsburgh, PA. Did this by controlling all steps in the steel making process.Became won of the richest man in the world |
| John D. Rockefeller | built his first oil refinery in Cleveland, OH in 1863. By 1890 his Standard oil Co. controlled 90% of the oil industry. One of the richest men in the world |
| George Westinghouse | Developed AC (Alternating Current) for use in homes and business. In “War of the Currents” with Thomas Edison’s company who used DC (Direct Current). Westinghouse had the better product so got more consumers and won. The company still exists today |
| William Randolph Hearst | Developed newspaper business by using BIG eye-catching headlines, illustrations, and color. Owned most of the newspapers in US by 1900. |
| Madame C.J. Walker | bottled shampoo in her attic. Sold products door to door. First African American woman to become a millionaire. |
| J.P. Morgan | Wealthiest and most powerful banker in U.S. during the Industrial Age. Invested in railroads, mining, steel. |
| Natural Resources | America had a lot and it helped industry grow. These are resources that are from nature, not made by people. |
| Human Resources | People who work to produce goods and services. Immigrants really helped grow the workforce during the Industrial Age. |
| Capital Resources | Tools, machines, (money) that companies use to produce goods and services. |
| Monopoly | when one company has control of an industry. Cuts down on competition so it hurts the consumer by limiting choices and driving up prices. |
| sweatshop | hot, cramped workshops where many industrial workers had to do their jobs before labor reform. |
| Triangle Shirtwaist company | a company in New York city where workers complained about the dangerous conditions. In March 1911 a fire broke out and the workers were trapped inside. 150 people died, mostly young women. |
| Lewis Hine | led the movement against child labor |
| Labor Union | organized groups working to gain improved working conditions, better wages, more safety, and an end to child labor |
| Samuel Gompers | one of the early union leaders. Led unions to join together and form the American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
| strike | workers refuse to work to try to force businesses to meet their demands |
| Mary Harris Jones | helped lead the United Mine Workers in the Appalachian mountains. She was known as “Mother Jones”. |
| Labor Day | created by the labor unions to honor the workers in America. First held in September 1882. Congress made it an official holiday in 1894. |
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