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Body Fluid
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Intracellular (ICF) | 2/3 body fluid w/in cellsMost resistant to shifts = most stable |
| Extracellular (ECF) | 1/3 body fluids outside cellsinterstitial= reserve fluid/inravascular = least stable |
| Cells are separated by? | Capillary membranes that are selectively permiable and completely permeable to H2). |
| Body Fluids are ion motion & nutrient/electrolyte/O2 transporters | Carry waste away, regulate body temp., lubricate joints/membranes. |
| Osmosis | Move H2O b/t 2 compartments from low to high concentration through semipermeable membrane/ from more dilute to more concentrate. |
| Osmolarity/Osmolality | Concentration of solutes in body fluids- concentration of solute per Liter of H2O. |
| Osmotic/Onctic Power | Power of solution to dram H2O across a semipermeable membrane. |
| Isotonic | Fluid w/same osmolality as cell. 0.9% NS, Ringers Solution, Lactated Ringers, no sugar/dectrose in these solutions. |
| Hypotonic | Fluid w/less concentration than cell. Prevent/treat dehydration. D5W dextrose metabolizes quickly leaving free H2O to shift into cells, 0.45 NS. |
| Hypertonic | Fluid w/ more concentration than cell. Shrinks cell, promote osmotic dieresis. >0.9% NS & Dextrose, >5% which is given when blood sugar is low to help glucose into cells. |
| Oncotic Pressure/Colloid Osmotic Pressure | Plasma proteins exert pressure and pull H2O from interstitial space into vascular compartments. (Albumin helps maintain normal serum oncotic pressure & adequate vascular fluid volume. |
| Colloids | 1 g. solute particles that don't pass through capillary membranes. (albumin, dexatran, hetastarch) |
| Fluid Shifts | Normal movement of fluids b/t capillary & interstitium (inside & outside cells) caused by different pressure in arterial/venous ends of capillary. |
| Edema occurs? | When fluid shifts into ICF area when the venous hydrostatic pressure rises, plasma oncotic pressure decreases, or interstitial oncotic pressure rises. |
| Diffusion | Particles move from high to low concentration continuing until equal- increase in temp will increase the rate of molecules- due to semipermeable membranes, particles like glucose can't get into cells w/out assistance (insulin) |
| Filtration | Fluid and solutes move together across a membrane from 1 compartment to another from hight to low concentration mechanically separating mixtures- done by kidneys or dialysis. |
| Active Transport | Energy spent to move large molecules across high pressure areas. |
| 1st Spacing | Normal distribution in ICF/ECF |
| 2nd Spacing | Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid. |
| 3rd Spacing | Fluid accumulates where it's not easily extracted. |
| ANF & BNP | Cardiac hormone in the atria released when atrium is stretched from high BP/volume |
| Fluid Volume Defecit | istotonic fluid loss (burns, hemorrhage etc.)Hypertonic dehydration3rd Spacing |
| Med's affecting FVD | diuretics, chemotherapy. |
| Minimum OP in children & adults is? | 1-2 ml/kg/hr30 ml/hr |
| Assess for tinting in children | on inner thigh & abdomen |
| Assess for Hypotension in FVD | late sign in children, increased PR >10-15 & decrease BP >10-15 after rising from lying to standing. |
| Frank hypotension | Low BP even when lying down. |
| Syncope | Fall/get dizzy when rising from lying. |
| Tachycardia/tachypnea | esp. in infants/children with FVD |
| Acute weight loss | 2% is mild, 5% is moderate, 8% is severe, 15% is fatal. |
| Normal hematocrit in males/females | 42-50%40-48% |
| Increased urine specific gravity | Hypertonic dehydration |
| In FVD assess | UOP, HR, RR, & mental status |
| Antimetics for N/V | Phenergan |
| Antidiarrheal | Immodium |
| ADH (if diabetes insipidus) | Vasopressin |
| Antipyretics | Tylenol,Motrin |
| Isotonic fluid excess | Renal failure, heart failure, excess fluid intake |
| Edema | Fluid volume excess in both intravascular & interstitial spacing. |
| FVE labs | Hemodilution, Chest Xray shows pleural effusion, Arterial blood gasses may show hypoxemia. |
| Therapeutic Mgmt of FVE | Restrict fluid intake w/saline lock kept open & flushed only, sodium restricted diet, promote excretion.Loop diuretics, Lasix, Potassium sparing diuretics, Thiazide, Lanovin.Monitor RR. |
Created by:
autumct
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