Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
NASM Domain 1
Basic and applied sciences and nutritional concepts
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Nervous System | communication network within the body |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | consists of brain and spinal cord; coordinates activity of the body |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body and the environment |
| Somatic | part of the PNS that served outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle; voluntary |
| Autonomic | Involuntary systems of the PNS (heart, digestion) |
| Autonomic Subdivisions | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Parasympathetic | decreases activation during rest and recovery |
| Sympathetic | increases activation to prep for activity |
| Motor (efferent) Neurons | transmit nerve impulses from the CNS to effector sites |
| Sensory (afferent) Neurons | respond to stimuli; transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to the CNS |
| Mechanoreceptors | sense distortion in body tissues |
| Joint Receptors | respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints |
| Tendons | connect muscle to bone; provide an anchor for muscles to produce force |
| Fascicles | bundle of individual muscle fibers |
| Muscle Fiber | cellular components and myofibrils encased in a plasma membrane |
| Sarcomere | produces muscular contraction; repeating sections of actin and myosin |
| Sliding Filament Theory | thick and thin filaments slide past each other, shortening the entire sarcomere |
| Type 1 (slow twitch) Muscle Tissue | small in size; fatigue slowly |
| Type 2 (fast twitch) Muscle Tissue | larger in size; quick to produce maximal tension; fatigue quickly |
| Motor Unit | consists of one motor neuron and the muscle fibers it connects with |
| Neural Activation | contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation |
| Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that transport impulses from nerve to muscle |
| Local Stabilization System consists of _____________ and attaches _____________ | transverse abdominis, internal oblique, multifidus, pelvic floor, diaphragm; directly to the vertebrae |
| Global Stabilization System consists of _____________ and attaches ______________ | quadratus lumborum, psoas major, external oblique, rectus abdominis, gluteus medius, adductor complex, portions of internal oblique; attaches from pelvis to spine |
| Movement System consists of ____________ and attaches ___________ | latissimus dorsi, hip flexors, hamstring complex, and quadriceps;; spine and/or pelvis to the extremities |
| Axial Skeleton consists of: | the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column |
| Appendicular Skeleton consists of: | the upper and lower extremities, and shoulder and pelvic girdles |
| Skeletal System Function | supports, protects, allows bodily movement, produces blood, stores minerals |
| Process | Projection protruding from a bone where muscles, tendons, or ligaments can attach |
| Tendons | connect muscle to bone |
| Ligaments | connect bone to bone; little blood supply and slow to heal |
| Arthrokinematics | joint motion |
| Non-Synovial Joints | no joint cavity, connective tissue or cartilage; little to no movement |
| Synovial Joints | held together by joint capsule and ligaments; associated with movement |
| Major motion types for joints are ______________ | roll, spin, and slide |
| Hinge Joints: | elbows and ankles; sagittal plane movement |
| Ball and Socket Joints: | hips and shoulders; most mobile joint with movement through all three planes of motion |
| Endocrine System | system of glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily function |
| Insulin | regulates energy and glucose metabolism in the body |
| Atria | smaller, superior chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins |
| Right Atrium: | gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart |
| Left Atrium: | gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs |
| Sinoatrial (SA) Node: | initiates impulse for heart rate; known as the pacemaker and located in the right atrium |
| Ventricles | larger, inferior chambers of the heart that pump blood out |
| __________ ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs | right |
| __________ ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body | left |
| __________ carry blood away from the heart | arteries |
| __________ carry blood toward the heart | veins |
| small branches of arteries that end in capillaries | arterioles |
| Capillaries | the smallest blood vessels; they exchange gas, chemicals, and water between the blood and the body |
| very small veins that connect capillaries to larger veins | venules |
| Stroke Volume | the amount of blood pumped with each contraction |
| Cardiac Output | volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate x stroke volume |
| Primary Inspiratory Muscles: | diaphragm and external intercostals |
| Secondary Inspiratory Muscles: | scalenes, pectoralis minor, and sternoclediomastoid |
| Expiratory Muscles: | internal intercostals and abdominals |
| Resting Oxygen Consumption (VO2) | 3.5ml x kg x min = 1 metabolic equivalent (MET) |
| Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max) | highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion |
| Cardiorespiratory Exercise increases: | cardiac output breathing efficiency oxygen transport and use use of fats for fuel mental alertness ability to relax and sleep tolerance to stress lean body mass metabolic rate |
| Cardiorespiratory Exercise decreases: | resting heart rate cholesterol blood pressure the risks of heart disease blood clots depression anxiety obesity diabetes |
| Aerobic | requires oxygen |
| Anaerobic | without oxygen |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | energy storage and transfer unit within cells |
| gains enough energy with normal oxygen intake | Anaerobic threshold |
| elevation of metabolism after exercise | Excess post oxygen consumption (EPOC) |
| ATP-PC | Anaerobic High-intensity Lasts 10-15 seconds |
| Glycolysis | Anaerobic Moderate-to-high intensity Up to 30-50 seconds |
| Oxidative System | Aerobic glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain Long-term energy |
| Biomechanics | science concerned with internal and external forces acting on the body |
| influence applied by one object to another, accelerates or decelerates the second object | force |
| Frontal Plane Motions: | adduction and abduction, lateral flexion, eversion and inversion |
| Sagittal Plane Motions: | flexion and extension |
| Transverse Plane Motions: | rotation, horizontal adduction and abduction |
| Horizontal Abduction | transverse plane arm movement from anterior to lateral (e.g. chest flies) |
| moving in opposite direction of force, accelerates or produces force; muscle shortens | Concentric Contraction |
| muscle develops tension while lengthening; decelerates force. | Eccentric Contraction |
| muscular force equal to resistive force, stabilizes force; no change in muscle length | Isometric Contraction |
| Length-tension relationship | resting length of a muscle and the tension it can produce at that length |
| Force-velocity curve | as the velocity of a contraction increases, concentric force decreases and eccentric force increases. |
| ability to produce and reduce force, and stabilize the kinetic chain in all three planes of motion. | Neuromuscular Efficiency |
| alignment of the musculoskeletal system that allows center of gravity to be maintained over a base of support. | Structural Efficiency |
| Davis's Law | that soft tissue models along the lines of stress. |
| neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract; provides inhibitory effect to muscle spindles | Autogenic Inhibition |
| simultaneous contraction of one muscle, and relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement | Reciprocal Inhibition |
| Relative Flexibility | tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance |
| What is pattern overload? | consistently repeating the same motion, which creates abnormal stress on the body |
| What are predictable patterns of muscle imbalances? | postural distortion patterns |
| muscle inhibition caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist | Altered Reciprocal Inhibition |
| What are the stages of the OPT model? | stabilization strength power |
| a monosaccharide is | a single sugar unit (glucose, fructose, galactose) |
| disaccharide | two sugar units (sucrose, lactose, maltose) |
| polysaccharide | long chain of monosaccharides linked together (starch, fiber) |
| Which fiber is dissolved by water and helps moderate blood glucose and lower cholesterol? | soluble fiber |
| Which fiber does not dissolve in water? | insoluble fiber |
| Glucose | a simple sugar made by the body from carbs, fats, and sometimes protein; a main source of fuel |
| What is glycogen? | a complex carbohydrate used to store energy in liver and muscle tissue |
| The rate carb sources raise blood sugar and the effect on insulin release is known as | Glycemic index |
| What is considered high, moderate, and low on the glycemic index? | High >70 Moderate 56 - 69 Low <55 |
| Triglycerides | chemical form of most fat in food and in the body |
| What raises bad LDL cholesterol? | saturated fatty acid |
| What raises bad and lowers good cholesterols and is used to increase shelf life in foods? | trans-fatty acids |
| What increases good HDL cholesterol and decreases risk of heart disease? | unsaturated fatty acid |
| calorie (lower case c) | amount of heat energy required to raise 1 gram of water by 1°C |
| What percentage of total energy expenditure comes from physical activity? | 20% |
| 6-10% of total energy expenditure comes from: | digestion |
| What is tolerable upper intake (UL)? | highest average daily intake level likely to pose no risk to health |
| What is adequate intake (AI)? | recommended daily nutrient intake level adequate for healthy individuals |
| Ergogenic aid | something that enhances athletic performance |
Created by:
10157157293771454
Popular Sports Medicine sets