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Safety

QuestionAnswer
Carbon Monoxide produced by combustion of carbon or organic fuels.
Symptoms of carbon monoxide nausea, dizziness, headache and fatigue.
Hepatitis A spead by fecal contamination of food, water and milk.
Food poisoning children, pregnant women, older adults, and immuno compromised patients are at higher risk.
Comfort zone 65-75F
hypothermia extreme cold
hyperthermia extremem heat
heat exhaustion electrolyte imbalance and increase in core temperature.
Common home hazards inadequate lighting, cluttered pathways & stairways, & lack of safety devices.
Poison (leading cause of death in the home) any substance that impairs health or destroys life when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed by the body.
Age 25-44 highest death rate for poisoning.
Poison control center best resource for a patient needing information about the treatment of accidental poisoning.
Home fires first major cause of death and injury.
Pathogen any microorganism capable of producing an illness.
Medical aeseptic handwashing most effective ways of limiting pathogens.
Hepatitis B, HIV, & AIDS are transmitted via blood and body fluids.
Immunization process by which resistance to an infectious disease is produced or increased.
Children over age 1 injuries are the leading cause of death and disability for this group.
School-aged children uncoordination, head trauma.
Adolescent engage in risk taking behaviors drugs, smoking, etc. increasing the risk of motor vehicle accidents, drowning.
Adult r/t lifestyle choices; drugs alcohol motor vehicle, headaches, GI disorders, infections.
Older Adult multiple meds, psychological factors, acute or chronic disease; falls etc.
Cognitive impairment easily confused, more apt to get burns or fall.
Safety awareness teach patients about expired meds & foods, poisonous plants,and keeping meds.
Health care agency risk for falls, patient-inherent accidents, procedure-related & equipment related accidents.
Major cause for falls in Nursing homes stroke, parkinsonism, blindness, arthritis, and drug related hypertension.
Major contributing factors in Hospital confusion, multiple medical problems, generalized weakness, postural instability, and unfamiliar environment.
Patient-inherent accidents accidents other than falls where the patient is the primary factor causing the accident. e.g. self-inflicted cuts, injuties, and burns, ingestion or injection of substances...self mutilation.
Precipitating factor for patient-inherent accidents seizures.
Seizure leads to sudden, violent, involuntary muscle contractions that are sometimes paroxysmal and episodic, causing loss of consciousness, falling, tonicity, anc clonicity.
Tonicity rigidity of muscles.
Clonicity jerking of muscles.
Fall assessment tool scores higher than 15 indicate high risk...also remember lab prior fall, confused.
Home hazard assessment (pg 695 box 26-4) proper lighting, easy to reach storage areas, extension cords along wall, smoke detectors, appliances working, monitoring flammables etc.
Musculoskeletal changes in older adult ROM limited, kyphosis, osteoporosis, muscle strength decreases, joints less mobile.
Nervous system changes in the older adult Voluntary & autonomic reflexes slower, decreased sensitivity to touch, decreased response to stimuli.
Sensory changes in the older adult Peripheral vision & lens accomodation decrease, bad nightvision problem adjusting to light, lens opacity (cataracts),& high frequency tones less audible.
GU Changes in the older adult increased nocturia & incontinence.
Physical restraint manual method; physical or mechanical device that the patient is unable to move.
Chemical restraint anxiolytics and sedatives, used to control patients behavior.
Use of restraints is associated with complications such as: pressure ulcers, constipation, & incontinence. In some cases restricted breathing and circulation resulted in death!
Alternative methods to restraints frequent reorientation, frequent observation, involvement of family during visitaion, and the introduction of familiar stimuli.
Examples of alternatives to restraints electronic bed and chair alarm devices. e.g kneeband (AMBULARM), pressure sensitive strips, tether alarm (clip to clothing)
Type A fire extinguisher paper and rubbish
Type B fire extinguisher grease and anesthetic gas
Type C fire extinguisher electrical
Adolescent and adults snakebites andinsect bites are the leading causes of poisoning.
Mercury poisoning (affects the brain and kidneys) enters the body through inhalation and absorption through the skin; used in thermometers and sphygmomanometers.
Water diminishes vaporization of mercury.
Leakproof glass or plastic containers should be used to clean up mercury spills; Don't vacuum up a spill.
Mercury cleaner is used to mop the floor after it is sucked into a syringe or suction device.
Signs and symptoms of ingestion of substance nausea, vomiting, drooling, difficulty breathing, sweating, & lethargy.
Ipecac syrup no longer recommended for routine treatment of poisoning.
Never induce vomiting for the following substances lye, household cleaners, hair care products, or grease petroleum products, and furniture polish, paint thinner, or kerosene. OR IF THE PATIENT IS UNCONSCIOUS OR CONVULSING!
Disoriented patients may be placed near nurse's station.
Use protective devices hip pads, helmet, skid-proof slippers, & nonskid strips near bed if needed.
Remove restraints at least every 2 hours, one restraint may be removed at a time if patient is noncompliant.
Created by: vyhlidal-m001
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