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Cardiac

EKG Analysis

QuestionAnswer
sinus rhythm impulse generated by SA node & travels in normal fashion; 60-100 bpm
sinus tachycardia impulse generated by SA node , but occurs faster than normal; more than 100 bpm
sinus bradycardia impulse generated by SA node, but occurs slower than normal; less than 60 bpm
sinus arrhythmia impulse generated by SA node, but rate increases with inspiration & decreases with expiration; 60-100 bpm
sino-atrial block/sinus arrest regular rhythm with a pause of 1 or more cycles; less than 60 bpm
first degree heart block regular rhythm with a conduction delay through the AV node causing a prolonged P-R interval; 60-100 bpm
second degree heart block/Mobitz Type I/Wenckebach regularly irregular rhythm with a progressive lengthening of the P-R interval, followed by a dropped QRS; 40-100 bpm
second degree heart block/Mobitz Type II irregular rhythm with a constant P-R interval & randomly dropped QRS complex; 30-100 bpm
third degree heart block/complete heart block regular rhythm with NO relationship between P waves & QRS complex; ectopic focus in the ventricles or AV junction; prolonged QRS complex
premature atrial contractions premature atrial beats within sinus rhythm; P wave occurs prematurely (look smaller or peaked); ectopic atrial focus; 60-100 bpm
atrial tachycardia SVT regular rapid rhythm with ectopic atrial focus; 140-220 bpm
atrial flutter regular rapid rhythm with ectopic atrial focus; sawtooth pattern of F waves; atrial rate of 240-360 bpm
atrial fibrillation irregular, chaotic rhythm with ectopic atrial focus; F waves replace P waves; very shaky baseline
premature ventricular contractions premature ventricular beats within sinus rhythm; ectopic ventricular focus; wide & bizarre QRS complex
junctional/nodal rhythm regular rhythm originating at AV junction; 40-60 bpm; high focus has inverted P wave; mid focus has buried P waves; low focus has inverted P waves following QRS complex
ventricular tachycardia rapid, deadly rhythm with ectopic ventricular focus; prolonged, wide QRS
ventricular fibrillation rapid, irregular, deadly rhythm; looks like a bag of worms; Defibrillate IMMEDIATELY
ventricular asystole flatline; CPR immediately; not a shockable rhythm
pacemaker rhythms have distinct spikes on EKG strip
bundle branch block wide QRS complex due to delay of ventricular depolarization; notched QRS & inverted T wave
left bundle branch block LV contracts later than the RV; wide R wave in leads V5 & V6
What causes LBBB? AS, VSD, acute MI, CAD, dilated cardiomyopathy
right bundle branch block wide S wave in leads V5 & V6
pre-excitation syndromes ventricle is prematurely activated using an accessory pathway bypassing the AV node
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome accessory pathway at Bundle of Kent; short P-R interval, long notched QRS, & T wave inversion
Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome accessory pathway at James Bundle directly connecting atria to Bundle of HIS; bypasses delay at AV node; short P-R interval, normal QRS, normal T wave
subendocardial ischemia ST segment depression
subepicardial/transmural ischemia ST segment elevation
acute MI evolution on EKG hyperacute T waves, ST elevation, wider/deeper Q waves followed by T wave inversion, then pathologic Q waves
Where is septal MI seen? V1 & V2
Where is anterior MI seen? V3 & V4
Where is lateral MI seen? V5 & V6, as well as Lead I & aVL
Where is inferior MI seen? Leads II, III, & aVF
An EKG from V5 & V6 showing prolonged QRS, tall R waves, mild ST depression, & T wave inversion indicates what? LVH
P mitrale seen in LA enlargement; wide double-peaked P wave; MS
P pulmonale seen in RA enlargement; large tall P wave; PHTN
pericarditis causes widespread ST segment elevation
renal failure long Q-T intervals & tent shaped T waves
Created by: ginaliane
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