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Pharm1 Chapter26

QuestionAnswer
Colloid oncotoc pressure: 24 mm Hg- osmotic pressure exerted by a colloid in a solution
Hydrostatic pressure: 17mm Hg- pressure exerted by a liquid
Hyperkalemia: abnormally high potassium concentrations (5.5mEq/L +) causes: K+ supllements, ace inhibitors, K+ sparing diuretics, burns, trauma, acidosis, infection
Hypokalemia: inadequate amount of potassium (less than 3.5 mEq/L) causes: alkalosis, corticosteroids, crash diets, ketoacidosis, loop/thiazide diuretics, malabsorption
Hyponatremia: inadequate amount of sodium (below 135 mEq/L)- caused by inadequate water excretion, or excessive water intake s/s- lethagy, hypotension, cramps, v/d, seizures
Hypernatremia: excess sodium (145 mEq/L +) - causes: poor renal excretion, inadequate water consumption and dehydration s/s- red, flushed, dry skin, increased thirst, absent urination
Hypertonic: caused when water loss is greater than dosium loss, dehydrates the cell
Hypotonic: caused when sodium loss is greater than water loss, cell swells
Crystalloids: fluids (NS 0.9%) given by IV too supply water and sodium to maintain isotonic conditions, maintenance fluid, do not contain proteins, better for treating dehydration
when are crystalloids more commonly used? liver failure, nephrosis, respiratory distress,burns, DVT, shock, hypoproteinemia, fluid replacement, electrolyte replacement, promotes urinary flow
What is an adverse effect of crystalloids? edema, decreased oxygen , adverse effects on CNS,
Colloids: protein substance that increases the COP and moves fluids from interstitial compartment to plasma compartment . PV expansion
what are the 3 proteins in colloids? albumin, globulin, and fibrogen
what are commonly used colloids? Dextran, hetastarch, and Albumin
what is an adverse effect of colloids? alters coagulation system, possibily bleeding
Blood products: oxygen carrying resuscitation fluids, can carry oxygen b/c of hemoglobin ex; packed red blood cells (PRBC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
when are blood products manly used? in acute bleeding, increase clotting factor, anemia, with loss of blood volume
what are adverse effects of blood product infusions? transmitting pathogens, trnsfusions reactions (rash, apprehension, fever, restlessness, chills), anaphalaxis,
what are the principal extracellular fluid (EFC) electrolytes? NA, Cl (sodium and chloride)
What are the principal intracellular flid (ICF) electrolytes? K (potassium)
what is the most abundant positively charged ICF ? potassium (outside the cell ranges 3.5-5 mEq/L)
potassium is responsible for: muscle contractions, nerve impule transmission, acid-base balance, heart beat regulation,
Uses for potassium: may stop dysrhythmias, strengthen muscles for myathenia gravis
Adverse effects of potassium: NVD, GI bleeding, ulceration, pain at site, hyperkalemia
What is the antidote for hyperkalemia? IV sodium bicarb, calcim salts, dextrose w/ insulin, Kayexalate, hemodialysis
What is the most abundant positively charged ECF electrolyte? Sodium - (outside cell normally 135-145 mEq/L)
what does sodium do w/in the body? controls water distribution, fluid and electrolyte balances, osmotic pressure in body fluids
IV potassium you should never give: never give a bolus or give undilutes, give at 20mEq/hour
What blood product helps with clottig? Fresh Frozen plasma
What needs to be monitored with 3% NS infusion? Used for severe dehydration. fluid overload
Created by: cspearsall
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