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Reg. & Func. of Elec
Chap. 52
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sodium (Regulation)(Na+) | Renal reabsorption or excretionAldosterone increase Na+ reabsorption in collecting duct of nephrons |
| Sodium (Function) (Na+) | Regulating ECF volume and distributionMaintaining blood volumeTransmitting nerve impulses and contracting muscles |
| Potassium (Regulation) (K+) | Renal excretion and conservationAldosterone increases K+ excretionMovement into and out of the cellsInsulin helps move K+ into cells; tissue damage and acidosis shift K+ out of cells into the ECF |
| Poatssium (Function) (K+) | Maintaining ICF osmolalityTransmitting nerve and other electrical impulsesRegulating cardiac impluse transmission and muscle contractionSkeletal and smooth muscle functionRegulating acid-base balance |
| Calcium (Regulation) (Ca2+) | Redistribution between bones and ECFParathyroid hormone and calcitriol increase serum Ca2+ levels; calcitonin decreases serum levels |
| Calcium (Function) (Ca2+) | Forming bones and teethTransmitting nerve impulsesRegulating muscle conractionsMaintaining cardiac pacemakerBlood clottingActivating enzymes such as pancreatic lipase and phospholipase |
| Magnesium (Regulation) (Mg2+) | Conservation and excretion by kidneys Intestinal absorption increased by vitamin D and parathyroid hormone |
| Magnesium (Function) (Mg2+) | Intracellular metabolismOperating sodium-potassium pumpRelaxing muscle contractionsTransmitting nerve impulsesRegulating cardiac function |
| Chloride (Regulation) (Cl-) | Excreted and reabsorbed along with sodium in the kidneysAldosterone increases chloride reabsorption with sodium |
| Chloride (Function) (Cl-) | HCL productionRegulating ECF balance and vascular volumeRegulating acid-base balanceBuffer in oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange in RBCs |
| Phosphate (Regulation) (PO4-) | Excretion and reabsorption by the kidneysParathyroid hormone decreases serum levels by increasing renal excretionReciprocal relationship with calcium; increasing serum calcium increases phosphate |
| Phosphate (Function) (PO4-) | Forming bones and teethMetabolizing carbohydrate, protein, and fatCellular metabolism; producing ATP and DNAMuscle, nerve, and RBC functionRegulating acid-base balanceRegulating calcium levels |
| Bicarbonate (Regulation) (HCO3-) | Excretion and reabsorption by the kidneysRegeneration by kidneys |
| Bicarbonate (Function) (HCO3-) | Major body buffer involved in acid-base regulation |
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