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UGI cancer
Question | Answer |
---|---|
oral cancer | found in lip, tongue, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, hard/soft palate, tonsils |
risk factors for oral cancer | tobacco use, excessive alcohol, chronic irritations, HPV |
early symptoms of oral cancer | leukoplakia, ulcerations, sore that does not heal, rough area on tongue |
late symptoms of oral cancer | pain, dysphagia, difficulty moving jaw |
surgical treatment of oral cancer | Partial mandibulectomy, hemiglossecgtomy, glossectomy (removal tongue, radical neck dissection |
non-surgical treatment of oral cancer | 5FU, methotrexate, cisplatin, Taxol, Taxotere, radiation |
symptoms of cancer of oropharynx, hypopharynx, supraglottic larynx | Persistent unilateral sore throat or ear pain, hoarseness lasts longer than 2 wks, lump in neck, lump in throat, change in voice quality |
late stages of cancer of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, supraglottic larynx | pain, dysphagia, decreased mobility tongue,airway obstruction, cranial nerve neuropathies |
surgical treatment of cancer of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, supraglottic larynx | Cordectomy, hemilaryngectomy or supraglotti laryngectomy |
Reducing side effects of radiation for cancer of the head and neck | Dry mouth (Xerostomia: salagen (pilocarpine HCL) stimulate saliva, artificial saliva, sugarless candy/gum, nonalcoholic mouthwashesLots fluids |
Treatment of stomatitis | Baking soda/water, avoid commercial mouth washes, antacid + Benadryl + Lidocaine, |
Risk factors for esophageal cancer | Cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol ingestion, chronic trauma, exposure to asbestos and metals, spicy foods, Barrett’s esophagus |
Symptoms of esophageal cancer | Progressive dysphagia, pain increased with swallowing, radiate to neck, jaw, ears, shoulders, sore throat, choking, hoarseness, weight loss common |
Complications of esophageal cancer | esophageal perforation with fistula into lung or trachea; hemorrhage |
Diagnostic studies for esophageal cancer | Barium swallow with fluoroscopy, esophagoscopy with biopsy, CT, MRI |
Post-op esophageal surgical care | NG tube: bloody drainage 8-12 hrs, DO NOT be repositioned or replaced without consulting with MD, Fowler’s or semi-fowler’s position, Meticulous mouth care, Chest tube if thoracic approached used, May have permanent g-tube |
Risk factors for stomach cancer | atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, benign polyps, achlorhydria, Hx ulcers |
Symptoms of stomach cancer | Anemia, peptic ulcer disease, indigestion |
Diagnostic studies for stomach cancer | Lab analysis blood, stool; Gastric analysis, CEA, CA 19-9, Cytology, Upper GI bariumFiberoptic endoscopy with bx |
Chemotherapy agent of choice for stomach cancer | 5FU |