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SOMI Chapter 11
Skull, Facial bones, Nasal bones, Orbits, and Sinuses
Question | Answer |
---|---|
How many cranial bones are there? | 8 |
How many facial bones are there? | 14 |
The cranium is divided into 2 sections, what are they? | calvarium (skullcap)and the floor |
What is the name of the hole in the occipital bone that the spinal cord passes through as it exits the brain? | foramen magnum |
What gland is housed in the sella turcica? | pituitary gland |
What cranial bone is the only one that articulates with all seven of the other cranial bones? | sphenoid bone |
How many fontanels are there in a new born baby? | 6 |
Which 2 facial bones do not appear as a set? | vomer and mandible |
What is the only movable facial bone? | mandible |
At what age does the mandible become one solid bone? | approximately age one |
What are the only 2 movable joints in the skull? | temporomandibular joints |
Which sinuses where originally known as the antrum of Highmore? | maxillary sinuses |
Which sinuses rarely become aerated before age six? | frontal sinuses |
How many bones make up the orbits? | 7 |
How many positioning lines originate from the external acoustic meatus? | 6 |
What is the difference in degree between OML and the IOML? | 7-8 degrees |
What are the 2 most common positioning errors in headwork? | rotation and tilt |
What lines are used for positioning a Skull series Towne method? | OML or IOML |
What direction and degree of angulation is used for a Towne using the OML? IOML? | 30 degrees caudad for OML and 37 degrees caudad for IOML |
Where do you center for a skull series Towne projection? | center at MSP 2 1/2 inches above the glabella |
Where do you center the CR on a lateral skull projection? | 2 inches superior to EAM |
What line is perpendicular to the IR for a PA Caldwell projection of the skull? | OML |
What is the CR angle for and how is directed for a PA Caldwell of the skull? | 15 degrees caudad and centered to exit at the nasion |
What line is perpendicular for the PA projection of the skull? | OML |
Describe the CR for a PA projection of the skull. | perpendicular to IR and exiting at the glabella |
Where is the CR directed for a lateral facial bone projection? | center to zygoma (prominence of cheek) which is midway between the outer canthus and EAM |
What positioning line is perpendicular to the IR for a Waters projection of the facial bones? | MML |
Where is the CR directed to exit on a Waters view of the facial bones? | acanthion |
What line is perpendicular to the IR for a Caldwell projection of the facial bones? | OML |
How much and where is the CR angled on a Caldwell projection of the facial bones? | 15 degrees caudad, to exit at the nasion |
What positioning line is perpendicular to the IR when performing a modified Waters projection of the facial bones? | LML |
Where is the CR directed to exit on a Waters view of the facial bones? | acanthion |
What line is perpendicular to the IR for a Caldwell projection of the facial bones? | OML |
How much and where is the CR angled on a Caldwell projection of the facial bones? | 15 degrees caudad, to exit at the nasion |
What positioning line is perpendicular to the IR when performing a modified Waters projection of the facial bones? | LML |
Which positioning line is perpendicular to the IR during a lateral nasal bone projection? | IPL |
Where is the CR directed for a lateral nasal bone projection? | 1/2 inferior to nasion |
What are the 3 projections used for a sinus series? | Lateral of affected side, PA (Caldwell method), Parietoacanthial (Waters method) |
What is the most important thing you need for sinus projections? | horizontal beam |