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Ultrasonics LVL 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The only significant sound wave mode that travels through a liquid is ___________.: (A) Shear wave (B) Longitudinal wave (C) Surface wave (D) Rayleigh wave | Longitudinal |
| Acoustic impedance of material is used to find __________.: (A) Angle of interface refraction (B) Material Attenuation (C) Relative amounts of sound energy coupled through and reflected at the interface (D) Beam spread within the material | Relative amounts of sound energy coupled through and reflected at the interface. |
| "When angle beam contact testing incr incident angle beyond second critical angle is reached results in__________.": (A) surface wave total reflection (B) 45° refraction of a shear wave (C) Production of a surface wave (D) No-one of the above | Production of a surface wave |
| Acoustic energy propagates and different modes. Which of the following represents a mode?: (A) A longitudinal wave (B) A Shear wave (C) A surface wave (D) All of the above | All of the above |
| The simple experiment where a stick in a glass of water appears disjointed at the water surface illustrates the phenomenon of __________.: (A) Reflection (B) Magnification (C) Refraction (D) Diffraction | Refraction |
| The crystal thickness and transducer frequency are related. The thinner the crystal ______________. (A) The lower the frequency (B) The higher the frequency (C) There is no appreciable effect (D) None of the above | The higher the frequency |
| The random distribution of crystallographic direction in Alloys with large crystalline structures is a factor in determining ______________. a. acoustic noise levels b. selection of test frequency c. scattering of sound d. all of the above | a. acoustic noise levels |
| The length of zone adjacent to a transducer in which functions in sound pressure and amplitude occur ________________. transducer frequency transducer diameter the length of the transducer cable Transducer diameter and frequency | Transducer diameter and frequency |
| The differences in signals received from identical reflectors at different material distances from a transducer may be caused by _____________. Material attenuation Beam divergence Near field effects All of the above | All of the above |
| It is possible for a discontinuity smaller than transducer to produce indications of fluctuating amplitude as the transducer is moved laterally if testing is being performed in the _____. Fraunhofer zone Near field Snell field Shadow zone | Near field |
| "In immersion testing, the near field effects of a transducer may be eliminated by___________." increasing transducer frequency using a large-diameter transducer using an appropriate water path using a focused transducer, | using an appropriate water path |
| The indication on the instrument display that represents the far boundary of the material being tested is called________?, | The back surface reflection |
| "In immersion testing, the position of the transducer is often varied to transmit sound into the test part at various angles to the front surface. Such a procedure is referred to as________?", | Angulation |
| The cable that connects the ultrasonic instrument to the transducer is specially designed so that one conductor is centered inside another. The technical name for such a cable is________?, | Coaxial cable |
| The process of comparing an instrument or device with a standard is called_______?, | Calibration |
| The indication on the instrument display that represents the far boundary of the material being tested is called________? | The back surface reflection |
| The cable that connects the ultrasonic instrument to the transducer is specially designed so that one conductor is centered inside another. The technical name for such a cable is________? | Coaxial cable |
| The process of comparing an instrument or device with a standard is called_______? | Calibration |
| Another name for compressional wave is_________? | Longitudinal wave |
| Another name for Rayleigh wave is _______? | Surface waves |
| A material used between the face of a transducer and the test surface to permit or improve the transmission of ultrasonic vibrations from the transducer to the material being tested is called_________. | A couplant |
| The piezoelectric material in a transducer that vibrates to produce ultrasonic A bridgewaves is called a __________. | Crystal |
| Ultrasonic testing of material where the transducer is in direct contact with the material being tested may be __________. *straight beam testing *surface wave testing *angle beam testing | straight beam testing |
| An advantage of using lithium sulfate in transducers is that it ______________________________. | Is one of the most efficient receivers of ultrasonic energy. BT-> LS |
| The transducer that contains the thinnest piezoelectric crystal is a __________. | 25 MHz transducer |
| A 25 MHz transducer would most likely be used during ___________. | Immersion testing |
| The amount of beam divergence from a crystal is primarily dependant on the _____________. | Frequency & crystal size |
| "When an ultrasonic beam passess through the interface between two dissimilar materials at an angle a new angle of sound travel takes place in the second material due to __________." Attenuation Impedance Refraction Reflection | Refraction |
| The velocity of surface waves is approximately ___________ the velocity of shear waves in the same material. | 9/10th |
| "Under most circumstances which of the following frequencies would result in the best resolving power. * 1 MHz *5 MHz * 10 MHz * 25 MHz | 25 MHz |
| "In contact testing the entry surface indication is sometimes referred to as __________." Main bang 1st back back reflection 2nd back | 1st back |
| An ultrasonic instrument display pattern containing a large number of low-level indications (often referred to as 'hash') could be caused by ____________. cast material Course-grained material fine grained material poor grained material | Course-grained material |
| A test method employing two separate transducers on opposite surfaces of the material being tested is called ________. thru transmission contact testing immersion testing lambda testing | Through-transmission testing |
| The number of complete waves that pass a given point in a given period of time (usually 1's) is referred to as __________. Frequency of a wave motion amplitude of wave depth of wave strength of wave | Frequency of a wave motion |
| The boundary between two different materials that are in contact with each other is called _________. surface interface boundary wave | An interface |
| "When the motion of the particles of a medium is parallel to the direction of propagation the wave being transmitted is called a _________." compression tension shear longitudinal | compression |
| "When the motion of the particles of a medium is transverse to the direction of propagation the wave being transmitted is called a __________." compression tension shear longitudinal | shear |
| '25 million cycles per second' can also be stated as ______________. 25 MHz | 25 MHz |
| Moving a transducer over a test surface either manually or automatically is referred to as __________. angulating scanning bridging lambda scanning | Scanning |
| A term used in ultrasonic's to express the rate at which sound waves pass through a various substance is __________. angulating scanning velocity lambda scanning | Velocity |
| "When a vertical indication has reached the maximum signal height which can be displayed or viewed on the display of an ultrasonic instrument the indication has said to have reached its __________." angulating scanning maximize indication peak | peak |
| An ultrasonic testing technique in which the transducer element is not parallel to the test surface is called _________. angulating Shear wave Angle beam testing maximize indication peak | Angle beam testing |
| Most commercial ultrasonic testing is accomplished using frequencies between __________. 1.0 & 7 MHz 0.2 & 25 MHz 5.0 & 15 MHz | 0.2 & 25 MHz |
| "In an A-scan presentation the horizontal base line represents __________." indication amplitude elapsed time or distance incident angle indication depth | The elapsed time or distance |
| In an A-scan presentation the amplitude of vertical indications on the display represents the _________. amount of sound energy return to transducer indication amplitude incident angle indication depth | amount of sound energy return to transducer indication amplitude |
| "In a basic ultrasonic test pattern (A-scan) for contact testing (assuming no sweep delay is used) the initial pulse _____________." Is the left side- tall display indication that represents the part entry surface. | Is the left side- tall display indication that represents the part entry surface. |
| An ultrasonic test using straight beam contact transducer is being conducted through the thickness of a flat part such as a plate. The test could detect _________________. | Laminar-type flaws with major dimensions parallel to the rolled surface |
| "In ultrasonic testing a liquid coupling medium between crystal and part surface is necessary because _______________." | An air interface between the crystal surface and the part surface would almost completely reflect the ultrasonic vibrations. |
| Entry surface resolution is a characteristic of an ultrasonic testing system which defines its ability to _______________. Detect discontinuities located just beneath the entry surface in the part being tested | Detect discontinuities located just beneath the entry surface in the part being tested |
| "During ultrasonic testing by immersion method it is necessary to maximize the indication by ____________ the transducer." Angulate | Angulate: maximum indication response of the discontinuity that is not originally oriented perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam. |
| "All other factors being equal the mode of vibration that has the greatest velocity is the ____________." ,Longitudinal wave | Longitudinal wave |
| "On the area amplitude ultrasonic standard test blocks the flat bottom holes in the blocks are ____________." "Different in diameter, increasing by 0.4 mm (0.16 in) increments from the No. '1' block to the No. '8' block." | "Different in diameter, increasing by 0.4 mm (0..16 in) increments from the No. '1' block to the No. '8' block." |
| "In immersion testing verification that the transducer is normal to a flat entry surface is indicated by ____________." Maximum reflection from the entry surface | Maximum reflection from the entry surface |
| A piezoelectric materials can _________. Convert mechanical energy into electrical energy | Convert mechanical energy into electrical energy |
| A disadvantage of using natural quartz in a transducer is that ______________. It is the least effective generator of ultrasonic energy of all commonly used materials BT -> LS | It is the least effective generator of ultrasonic energy of all commonly used materials BT -> LS |
| An advantage of using a ceramic transducer in transducers is that it _____________. Is one of the most effective generators of ultrasonic energy. BT -> LS | Is one of the most effective generators of ultrasonic energy. BT -> LS |
| The primary purpose of reference blocks is to ____________. Obtain a common reproducible signal | Obtain a common reproducible signal |
| "When testing by the surface wave method patches of oil or dirt on the surface may _______________." Cause both an attenuation of sound and indications on the screen. | Cause both an attenuation of sound and indications on the screen. |
| "In immersion testing the most commonly used couplant is ____________." Water | Water |
| The piezoelectric material in the transducer ______________. Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. | Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. |
| The shortest wavelength pulse is produced by a frequency of _______________. 25 MHz | 25 MHz |
| The angle of incidence is _________. Equal to the angle of reflection | Equal to the angle of reflection |
| "On many ultrasonic testing instruments an operator conducting an immersion test can remove that portion of the display presentation that represents water distance by adjusting a ______________." Sweep delay control | Sweep delay control |
| "'100 000 cycles per second' can be written _______." 100 kHz | 100 kHz |
| A transducer with a frequency greater than 10 MHz will most likely be used during ______________. An immersion test | An immersion test |
| The reference holes in standard aluminum area amplitude ultrasonic test blocks contain ______________. Flat bottom holes | Flat bottom holes |
| The gradual loss of sonic energy as the ultrasonic vibrations travel through the material is referred to as _____________. Attenuation | Attenuation |
| "A term used to describe numerous small indications on the instrument display resulting from test part structure, numerous small discontinuities, or both, is often referred to as ___________. Hash | Hash |
| "When testing a plate increasing the frequency of an ultrasonic longitudinal wave results in ___________." No change in its velocity | No change in its velocity |
| Ultrasonic waves transmitted into and received from the test material in the form of repetitive bursts of acoustic energy is called __________. Pulse echo testing | Pulse echo testing |
| "Metal blocks which contain one or more drilled holes to simulate discontinuities. Reference blocks | Reference blocks |
| "If the major dimensions of a discontinuity in a 152mm (6 in) thick aluminum plate lie parallel to the entry surface at a depth of 76mm (3 in) it will be best detected by ___________." Straight beam testing | Straight beam testing |
| The presence of a discontinuity will not produce a specific discontinuity indication on the instrument display when using the __________________. Through-transmission testing method | Through-transmission testing method |
| The depth of a discontinuity cannot be determined when using the ___________. Through-transmission testing method | Through-transmission testing method |
| "When inspecting coarse-grained materials a sound wave is most easily scattered by the grain structure by a frequency of______________." 10 MHz | 10 MHz |
| The thickest crystal is contained in ___________. A 1 MHz transducer | A 1 MHz transducer |
| "When performing a surface wave test indications may result from __________." A surface discontinuity | A surface discontinuity |
| Transducers constructed with a plastic wedge or standoff between the transducer element and the test piece are commonly used for _____________. Angle beam contact testing | Angle beam contact testing |
| A transducer containing three or more individual transducer elements is often referred to as ______________. A mosaic transducer | A mosaic transducer |
| Sound can be focused by means of special curved adapters located in front of the transducer element. These adapters are referred to as___________. Acoustic lenses | Acoustic lenses |
| A test method in which the parts to be inspected are placed in a water bath or some other liquid couplant is called _________ _________. Immersion testing | Immersion testing |
| A separate time base line imposed on the viewing display of some ultrasonic testing instruments that permits measurement of distances is often referred to as __________. A marker | A marker |
| A term used to describe the ability of an ultrasonic testing system to distinguish between the entry surface response and the response of discontinuities near the entry surface is ___________. Resolution | Resolution |
| The phenomenon whereby an ultrasonic wave changes Direction when the wave crosses a boundary between materials with different velocities is called _____________. Refraction | Refraction |
| "In a test where the transducer is not perpendicular to the inspection surface the angle of incidence is equal to _____________________." The angle of reflection | The angle of reflection |
| Product of sound acoustic velocity in a material and density of material is the factor that determines amount of reflection or transmission of ultrasonic energy when it reaches an interface. This term is called ______________. Acoustic impedance | Acoustic impedance |
| Ultrasonic waves that travel along the surface of a material and whose particle motion is elliptical are called ____________. Rayleigh waves | Rayleigh waves |
| The interference field near the face of a transducer is often referred to as the ___________. Fresnel zone | Fresnel zone |
| "When the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and second critical angles, the ultrasonic wave mode within the part will be a ___________. Shear waves | Shear waves |
| The formula used to calculate the angle of refraction within a material is called ____________. Snell's law | Snell's law |
| "In a material with a given velocity, when frequency is increased, the wavelength will _________. Decrease | Decrease |
| A circuit that electronically amplify return signals from the receiving transducer and often modify the signals into a form suitable for display is called ______________. Receiver-amplified circuits | Receiver-amplified circuits |
| The most common type of data display used for Ultrasonic examination of weld is ______________. An A-scan display | An A-scan display |
| The display that plot signal amplitude versus time as called ____________. An A-scan display | An A-scan display |
| A circuit that modifies the return signal from the receiving transducer into a form suitable for display on an oscilloscope or other output device is called a ____________. Receiver-amplifier | Receiver-amplifier |
| A circuit that generates a burst alternating voltage that is applied to the sending transducer is called a ___________. Pulser | Pulser |
| A circuit that coordinates electronic operation of the entire ultrasonic instrument system is called ___________. A power supply | A power supply |
| A plan view display or recording of a part under examination is called ____________. A C-scan presentation | A C-scan presentation |
| "Ultrasonic data which is presented in a form representative of the cross section of the test specimen. A B-scan presentation | A B-scan presentation |
| What type of ultrasonic examination uses wheel-type transducers that eliminate the use of a tank? Immersion testing | Immersion testing |
| "In addition to other functions in, a transducer manipulator and a mechanical immersion-scanning unit permits ___________________." Detection of obliquely-oriented discontinuities | Detection of obliquely-oriented discontinuities |
| A type of data presentation most likely to be used with a high speed automatic scanning system is ________________., A C-scan presentation | A C-scan presentation |
| Component in a UT immersion system that spans the width of the immersion tank is called _____________. A bridge | A bridge |
| The component in UT immersion system that is used to adjust and maintain a known transducer angle is called ___________. A manipulator | A manipulator |
| An amplitude type gate is necessary for all ___________. Automatic examinations | Automatic examinations |
| "When a C-scan recording is used to produce a permanent record of an ultrasonic test, the information displayed is typically the discontinuity's _____________.", Location & size (plan view) | Location & size (plan view) |
| Rough entry surface conditions can result in ______________ or ________________.,* A loss off echo amplitude from discontinuities An increase in the width of the front surface echo | A loss off echo amplitude from discontinuities An increase in the width of the front surface echo |
| "As the grain size increases in a material, its principle effect in ultrasonic testing is on the ___________.", Attenuation | Attenuation |
| "In straight beam pulse echo testing, a disc with a rough reflecting surface perpendicular to the incident wave has what effect on the detected signal in comparison to the smooth flat bottom hole of the same size?", It decreases the detected signal | It decreases the detected signal |
| Ultrasonic vibrations can be propagated only in the longitudinal mode in ____________., Machine oil | Machine oil |
| "If the velocity of a longitudinal mode wave in a given homogenous material is 0.625 cm/ns at 0.5 inches (13 mm) below the surface, what is the velocity at 2 inches (51 mm) below the surface?", The same as the velocity at 0.5 inches (13 mm) | The same as the velocity at 0.5 inches (13 mm) |
| "If a 5 MHz transducer is substituted for a 2.25 MHz transducer, the effect on the wavelength of a longitudinal mode wave produced in a test specimen is that ______________.", The wavelength should be shorter | The wavelength should be shorter______________." |
| What can cause non relevant indications on the cathode ray tube?,* contoured surface * edge effects * surface conditions | contoured surface * edge effects * surface conditions |
| The proper interpretation and evaluation of the presented defect signals are essential to any non-destructive test. A common method for the estimation of a defect size is the use of ____________. A reference standard | A reference standard |
| Another name for Fresnel zone is ____________. Near field | Near field |
| Attenuation is a _______________. Test material parameter | Test material parameter |
| "For discontinuity geometries other than flat, the echo amplitude is usually __________ from that observe for a flat defect, of similar orientation perpendicular to the sound beams." Decreased | Decreased |
| "To evaluate discontinuities that are oriented at an angle to the entry surface so that the sound beam strikes the point of discontinuity at right angles, the operator must ___________.", Angulate the transducer | Angulate the transducer |
| The pulser circuit in an ultrasonic instrument is used to _____________., Activate the transducer | Activate the transducer |
| "An A-scan display, which shows a signal both above and below the sweep line is called _____________.", A RF display | A RF display |
| A B-scan display shows the relative _______________________________., Distance a discontinuity is from the transducer and it's length in the direction of the transducer travel. | Distance a discontinuity is from the transducer and it's length in the direction of the transducer travel. |
| Surface (Rayleigh) waves traveling on the top face of a block ______________., Are reflected from a sharp edge corner. | Are reflected from a sharp edge corner. |
| Surface (Rayleigh) waves are more highly attenuated by _____________. A heavy couplant | A heavy couplant |
| The velocity of sound in a material is dependent upon the _________________. Material properties (I.e. Density & elasticity) | Material properties (I.e. Density & elasticity) |
| "To vary or change the wavelength of sound being used to test a part change the _______________." ,Sound wave frequency | ,Sound wave frequency |
| "Ultrasonic vibrations are commonly used to __________________, ________________, & _____________.",* Examine materials for discontinuities * examine materials for thickness * examine materials for mechanical properties | Examine materials for discontinuities * examine materials for thickness * examine materials for mechanical properties |
| Which of the following has the longest fresnel Zone? 0.5 inch (13mm) diameter 1.0 MHz 0.5 inch (13mm) diameter 2.25 MHz 1.125 inch (28.5mm) diameter 1.0 MHz 1.5 inch (38mm) diameter 2.0 MHz | 0.5 inch (13mm) diameter 2.25 MHz |
| "When contact testing, if the ultrasonic instrument is set with an excessively high pulse repetition frequency __________________." Interference of UT signals and undesirable fluctuations in Signal amplitude result. | Interference of UT signals and undesirable fluctuations in Signal amplitude result. |
| "The advantages of immersion testing include ___________________, ___________________, & ______________.", increased inspection speed the ability to control and detect sound beams adaptability for automated scanning | increased inspection speed the ability to control and detect sound beams adaptability for automated scanning |
| "Longitudinal wave velocity in water is approximately 1/4 the Velocity in aluminum or steel. Therefore, the minimum water path should be __________________." ,1/4 the test piece thickness plus 0.25 inches (6mm) | ,1/4 the test piece thickness plus 0.25 inches (6mm) |
| "In immersion testing, a wetting agent is added to the water to ____________________.", Help eliminate the formation of air bubbles | Help eliminate the formation of air bubbles |
| The formula used to determine the fundamental resonant frequency is _____________, F = V/2T | F = V/2T |
| "IF frequency is increased, wavelength ______________.", Decreases (becomes shorter) | Decreases (becomes shorter) |
| The variable in distance amplitude calibration block construction is the ________________. | Metal distance above the drilled hole |
| "When setting up a DAC curve using 3 flat bottom holes, sometimes the closest hole gives less response than the other two. This could be caused by ___________________. | Near field effects |
| Most ferrous and non-ferrous welds may be ultrasonically tested using a frequency range of __________. 1 - 2.25 MHz | 1 - 2.25 MHz |
| The product of the material density and the velocity of sound within that material is referred to as _____________. Acoustic impedance | Acoustic impedance |
| "A straight beam contact transducer consists of A case B crystal C mount D backing | All of above |
| "In immersion testing, to remove second water Reflection from between entry surface signal and first reflection, you should ________________." Increase the water path decrease the water path reduce the frequency use larger transducer | Increase the water path |
| "For a given incident angle, as the frequency of the transducer increases, the refracted angle _______________.", Stays the same | Stays the same |
| Both longitudinal and Shear wave may be simultaneously generated in a second medium when the angle of incidence is ______________. Between normal (90°) and the first critical angle | Between normal (90°) and the first critical angle |
| "In the immersion testing, to remove the second water Reflection from between the entry surface signal and the first reflection, you should ________________.", Increase the water path | Increase the water path |
| "Penetration of ultrasonic waves in a material is normally the function of the test frequency that is used. The greatest depth of penetration is provided by a frequency of ____________. ( 1 MHz, 2.25 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz)",1 MHz | 1 MHz |
| Certain piezoelectric materials exhibit Better Properties than others. The following material that is considered to be the most efficient receiver of ultrasonic energy is ___________ . (quartz, ceramic,barium titanate,lithium sulfate)",Lithium sulfate | Lithium sulfate BT->LS |
| Refracted energy assumes a new direction of propagation when ___________ is changed., Incident angle | Incident angle |
| The loss of energy as it propagates through material is the result of beam ____________., Attenuation | Attenuation |
| " Which characteristics would not affect the selection? " (propagation mode, material surface finish and temperature, transducer operating frequency, couplant chemical properties)", Operating frequency of the transducer | Operating frequency of the transducer |
| Excessive surface roughness of the material being tested can cause ___________________., A loss of echo amplitude from discontinuities within the material | A loss of echo amplitude from discontinuities within the material |
| Reference or calibration standards are used for _____________., Providing a method of standardizing the test system | Providing a method of standardizing the test system |
| The change in direction of an ultrasonic beam when it passes from one material to another material in which elasticity and density differ is called ___________. Refraction | Refraction |
| "If a discontinuity is oriented at an angle other than 90° to the sound beam, the result may be a _______________.", Loss orlack of signal reflected from the discontinuity | Loss or lack of signal reflected from the discontinuity |
| A device that transforms electrical impulses into mechanical and vice-versa utilizes _____________________., Piezoelectric principles | Piezoelectric principles |
| Whenever an ultrasonic incident angle is set at 5° from normal _________________.," The refracted wave has two components, one of which will be the same mode as the incident wave" | The refracted wave has two components, one of which will be the same mode as the incident wave" |
| In immersion testing, discontinuity's located in sound beam Fresnel or near field region: ___________. | The amplitude of the reflected signal may increase or decrease as the water path decreases." |
| If a transducer is vibrating at a frequency and injecting ultrasonic energy through water into a steel specimen _____________., | The sound wavelength is not the same in both the water and the steel |
| The indication on the cathode ray tube (CRT) which represents the far boundary of the material being tested is called: hash. the initial pause. the “main bang.” the back surface reflection. | the back surface reflection. |
| In immersion testing, vary search unit position to transmit sound into the test part at various angles to the front surface. Such a procedure is referred to as: angulation dispersion reflection testing refraction | angulation . |
| The UT cable is specially designed so that 1 conductor is centered inside another. The technical name for such a cable is: A. B X cable B.conduit C.coaxial cable D.ultrasonic conductor cable -grade 20. | coaxial cable. |
| The process of comparing an instrument or device to a standard is called: A. angulation B. calibration C. attenuation. D. correlation | calibration |
| Another name for a compressional wave is: A. lamb wave. B. shear wave. C. longitudinal wave. D. transverse wave. | longitudinal wave. |
| A second name for Rayleigh waves is: A. shear waves. B. longitudinal waves. C. transverse waves. D. surface waves. | surface waves. |
| Substance used to permit or improve the transmission of ultrasonic vibrations from the search unit to the material being tested is called: A. a wetting agent . B. a couplant . C. an acoustic transmitter. D. a lubricant . | a couplant . |
| The piezoelectric material in a search unit which vibrates to produce ultrasonic waves is called: A. a backing material. B. a Lucite wedge. C. a transducer element or crystal . D. a couplant . | a transducer element or crystal . |
| Ultrasonic testing where search unit directly contacts test part: A. straight beam testing B. Surface Wave Testing C. Angle beam testing D. All of above | All of above |
| An advantage of using Lithium sulfate search units: A. Most efficient generators of UT energy B. Most efficient receivers of UT energy C. It is insoluble D. Can withstand temps to 700°C. | Most efficient receivers of UT energy BT -> LS |
| Search unit in Figure 1 is used for: A. Surface Wave Testing B. Angle beam testing C. Immersion Testing D. Straight beam Testing | Straight Beam Testing |
| Which of the following search units contain the thinnest quartz crystal? A. A 1 -megahertz search unit B. A 5-megahertz search unit C. A 15-megahertz search unit D. A 25-megahertz search unit | A 25-megahertz search unit |
| A 25 megahertz search unit would most likely be used during: A. straight beam contact testing. B. immersion testing. C. angle beam contact scanning. D. surface wave contact testing. | immersion testing. |
| . The amount of beam divergence from a crystal is primarily dependent on the: A. type of test . B. tightness of crystal backing in the search unit . C. frequency and crystal size. D. pulse length. | frequency and crystal size. |
| . When an ultrasonic beam passes through the interface between two dissimilar materials at an angle, a new sound angle travel takes place in 2nd material due to: A. Attenuation B. rarefaction C. Compression D. Refraction | Refraction |
| . Figure 2 illustrates contact test on 8" Al block. Disc is 6" from surface. Screen is shown as figure 2. What does A represent? A. initial pulse or front surface ind B. First disc indication C. First back surface reflection D. None of these | initial pulse or front surface ind |
| . What does indication B represent in Figure 2? A. Initial pulse or front surface indication B. First discontinuity indication C. First back surface reflection D. None of these | First discontinuity indication |
| . What does indication C represent in Figure 2? A. Second back surface reflection B. First discontinuity indication C. Second discontinuity indication D. First back surface reflection | First back surface reflection |
| . What does indication D represent in Figure 2? A. First discontinuity indication B. Second indication of the discontinuity C. First back surface reflection D. Second back surface reflection | Second indication of the discontinuity |
| . What does indication E represent in Figure 2? A. First discontinuity indication B. Second discontinuity indication C. First back surface reflection D. Second back surface reflection | Second back surface reflection |
| . The velocity of surface waves is about ____ the velocity of shear waves in same material. A. 2 times B. 4 times C. one half D. 9/10's | 9/10's |
| . Figure 3 is immersion test of 3-inch AL block with 2" below surface disc. What does ind A represent with no sweep delay used? A . First front surface ind B. Initial pulse C. First discontinuity ind D. First back surface reflection | Initial pulse |
| . Figure 3, indication B represents the: A. first front surface indication. B. initial pulse. C. first back surface reflection . D. first discontinuity reflection. | first front surface indication. |
| ln Figure 3, indication C represents the: A. first front surface indication. B. first discontinuity indication. C. first back surface reflection. D. second front surface indication . | first discontinuity indication. |
| . In Figure 3, indication D represents the: A. first discontinuity indication. B. first back surface reflection. C. second front surface indication. D. second discontinuity indication. | first back surface reflection. |
| . In Figure 3, the distance between ind A and B represents: A. the distance AL block front surface to discontinuity. B. the distance AL block front surface to back surface . C. the water distance from search unit AL block D. none of the above. | the water distance from search unit AL block |
| . Under most circumstances, which of the following frequencies would result in the best resolving power? A. I megahertz B. 3 megahertz C. 10 megahertz D. 23 megahertz | 23 megahertz |
| . Which of following materials produces greatest sound attenuation over given distance? A. A hand forging B. A coarse grained casting C. An extrusion D. The attenuation is equal in all materials | A coarse grained casting |
| . In contact testing, the entry surface indication is sometimes referred to as: A . the initial pulse. B. the “main bang” or transmitter pulse. C. both A and B. D. none of the above. | . both A and B. |
| . A screen pattern containing a large number of low-level indications (hash) could be caused by: A. a crack. B. a large inclusion. C. coarse grained material. D. a gas pocket. | coarse grained material. |
| . A test method employing two separate search units on opposite surfaces of the material being tested is called: A. contact testing. B. surface wave testing. C. through transmission testing. D. lamb wave testing. | through transmission testing. |
| The number of complete wakes which pass a given point in a second is referred to as the: A. amplitude of a wave motion. B. pulse length of a wave motion. C. frequency of a wave motion. D. wavelength of a wave motion . C. frequency of a wave motion. | frequency of a wave motion. |
| . The boundary between two different materials which are in contact with each other is called: A. a rarefactor. B. a refractor. C. an interface. D. a marker. | an interface. |
| . When the motion of the particles of a medium is parallel to the direction of propagation, the wave being transmitted is called a: A. longitudinal wave. B. shear wave. C. surface wave D. lamb wave. | longitudinal wave. |
| . When the motion of the particles of a medium is transverse to the direction of propagation, the wave being transmitted is called a: A. longitudinal wave. B. shear wave. C. surface wave D. lamb wave. | shear wave. |
| . "25 million cycles per second” can also be stated as: A. 25 kilohertz. B. 2500 kilohertz. C. 25 megahertz. D. 25 microhertz. | C. 25 megahertz. |
| . Moving a search unit over a test surface either manually or automatically is referred to as: A. scanning. B. attenuating. C. angulating. D. resonating, | A. scanning. |
| . A term used in ultrasonics to express the rate at which sound waves pass through various substances is: A. frequency B. velocity C. wave length D. pulse length | B. velocity |
| . When a vertical indication has reached max signal height displayed on UT instrument, the indication is said to have reached its: A. distance-amplitude height. B. absorption level. C. vertical level. D. limit of resolution. | C. vertical level. |
| . An ultrasonic testing technique in which the transducer element is not parallel to the test surface is called: A. angle beam testing B. immersion testing C. contact testing D. through-transmission testing. A. angle beam testing | A. angle beam testing |
| . In Figure 4, angle 1 (Ɵ1) is called the: A. angle of incidence. B. angle of reflection, C. angle of refraction. D. none or the above. | A. angle of incidence. |
| . In Figure 4, angle 2 (Ɵ2) is called the: A. angle of incidence. B. angle of reflection. C. angle of refraction. D. none of the above . | B. angle of reflection. |
| . In Figure 4, angle 3 (Ɵ3) is called the: A. angle of incidence. B. angle of reflection . C. angle of refraction . D. none of the above. | C. angle of refraction . |
| . Most commercial ultrasonic testing is accomplished using frequencies between: A. I and 25 k ilohertz. B. 0.2 and 25 megahertz. C. I and l,000 kilohertz. D. 15 and 100 megahertz. | B. 0.2 and 25 megahertz. |
| In an A-scan presentation, the horizontal base line represents the: A. amount of reflected ultrasonic sound energy. B. distance traveled by the search unit. C. elapsed time or distance. D. none of the above. | C. elapsed time or distance. |
| In an A-scan presentation, height of vertical ind on screen represents the: A. amount of UT sound energy returning to the search unit . B. search unit distance traveled C. tested material thickness. D. UT pulse elapsed time. | A. amount of UT sound energy returning to the search unit . |
| which test frequencies would generally provide the best penetration in a 12-inch thick specimen of coarse-grained steel? A. I .0 MHz B. 2. 25 MHz C. 5.0 MHz D. 10.0 MHz A. I .0 MHz | A. I .0 MHz |
| In contact UT (A-scan), the initial pulse (no sweep delay is used): A. is part entry surface - high ind on far left screen. B. is part back side - last pulse far right screen C. is an ind that phases during screening. D. is second left pulse | A. is part entry surface - high ind on far left screen. |
| The indication on the cathode ray tube (CRT) which represents the far boundary of the material being tested is called: A. hash. B. the initial pause. C. the “main bang.” D. the back surface reflection. | D. the back surface reflection. |
| In immersion testing, vary search unit position to transmit sound into the test part at various angles to the front surface. Such a procedure is referred to as: angulation . dispersion. reflection testing. refraction | angulation . |
| The UT cable is specially designed so that 1 conductor is centered inside another. The technical name for such a cable is: A. X cable. B.conduit. C. coaxial cable. D. ultrasonic conductor cable -grade 20. | coaxial cable. |
| The process of comparing an instrument or device to a standard is called: angulation calibration attenuation. correlation | calibration |
| Another name for a compressional wave is: lamb wave. shear wave. longitudinal wave. transverse wave. | longitudinal wave. |
| A second name for Rayleigh waves is: shear waves. longitudinal waves. transverse waves. surface waves. | surface waves. |
| Substance used to permit or improve the transmission of ultrasonic vibrations from the search unit to the material being tested is called: a wetting agent . a couplant . an acoustic transmitter. a lubricant . a couplant . | a couplant |
| Ultrasonic testing where search unit directly contacts test part: straight beam testing Surface Wave Testing Angle beam testing All | straight beam testing Surface Wave Testing Angle beam testing |
| An advantage of using Lithium sulfate search units: Most efficient generators of UT energy Most efficient receivers of UT energy It is insoluble Can withstand temps to 700° | Most efficient receivers of UT energy BT - LS |
| Search unit in Figure 1 is used for: Straight beam Testing Surface Wave Testing Angle beam testing Immersion Testing | Straight Beam Testing |
| Which of the following search units contain the thinnest quartz crystal? 1 -megahertz search unit 5-megahertz search unit 15-megahertz search unit 25-megahertz search unit | A 25-megahertz search unit |
| A 25 megahertz search unit would most likely be used during: straight beam contact testing. immersion testing. angle beam contact scanning. surface wave contact testing. immersion testing. | immersion testing. |
| The amount of beam divergence from a crystal is primarily dependent on the: type of test . tightness of crystal backing in the search unit . frequency and crystal size. pulse length. | frequency and crystal size. |
| When an ultrasonic beam passes through the interface between two dissimilar materials at an angle, a new sound angle travel takes place in 2nd material due to: Attenuation rarefaction Compression Refraction Refraction | Refraction |
| Figure 2 illustrates contact test on 8" Al block. Disc is 6" from surface. Screen is shown as figure 2. What does A represent? initial pulse or front surface ind First disc indication First back surface reflection | initial pulse or front surface ind |
| What does indication B represent in Figure 2? Initial pulse or front surface indication First discontinuity indication First back surface reflection None of these | First discontinuity indication |
| What does indication C represent in Figure 2? Second back surface reflection First discontinuity indication Second discontinuity indication First back surface reflection | First back surface reflection |
| What does indication D represent in Figure 2? First discontinuity indication Second indication of the discontinuity First back surface reflection Second back surface reflection | Second indication of the discontinuity |
| What does indication E represent in Figure 2? First discontinuity indication Second discontinuity indication First back surface reflection Second back surface reflection | Second back surface reflection |
| The velocity of surface waves is about ____ the velocity of shear waves in same material. 2 times 4 times one half 9/10's | 9/10's |
| Figure 3 is immersion test of 3-inch AL block with 2" below surface dis What does ind A represent with no sweep delay used? First front surface ind Initial pulse First discontinuity ind First back surface reflection | Initial pulse |
| Figure 3, indication B represents the: first front surface indication. initial pulse. first back surface reflection . first discontinuity reflection. | first front surface indication. |
| ln Figure 3, indication C represents the: first front surface indication. first discontinuit y indication. first back surface reflection. second front surface indication . | first discontinuity indication. |
| In Figure 3, indication D represents the: first discontinuity indication. first back surface reflection. second front surface indication. second discontinuity indication. | first back surface reflection. |
| In Figure 3, the distance between ind A and B represents: the distance AL block front surface to discontinuity. the distance AL block front surface to back surface . the water distance from search unit AL block none of the above. | the water distance from search unit AL block |
| Under most circumstances, which of the following frequencies would result in the best resolving power? I megahertz 3 megahertz 10 megahertz 23 megahertz | 23 megahertz |
| Which of following materials produces greatest sound attenuation over given distance? hand forging coarse grained casting extrusion The attenuation is equal in all materials | A coarse grained casting |
| In contact testing, the entry surface indication is sometimes referred to as: . the initial pulse. the “main bang” or transmitter pulse. both A and B none of the above. | both A and B |
| A screen pattern containing a large number of low-level indications (hash) could be caused by: a crack. a large inclusion. coarse grained material. a gas pocket. | coarse grained material. |
| A test method employing two separate search units on opposite surfaces of the material being tested is called: contact testing. surface wave testing. through transmission testing. lamb wave testing. | through transmission testing. |
| The number of complete wakes which pass a given point in a second is referred to as the: amplitude of a wave motion. pulse length of a wave motion. frequency of a wave motion. wavelength of a wave motion . | frequency of a wave motion. |
| The boundary between two different materials which are in contact with each other is called: a rarefactor. a refractor. an interface. a marker. | an interface. |
| When the motion of the particles of a medium is parallel to the direction of propagation, the wave being transmitted is called; longitudinal wave. shear wave. surface wave lamb wave. | longitudinal wave. |
| When the motion of the particles of a medium is transverse to the direction of propagation, the wave being transmitted is called: longitudinal wave shear wave. surface wave lamb wave. | shear wave. |
| "25 million cycles per second” can also be stated as: 25 kilohertz. 2500 kilohertz. 25 megahertz. 25 microhertz. | 25 megahertz. |
| Moving a search unit over a test surface either manually or automatically is referred to as: scanning. attenuating. angulating. resonating, | scanning. |
| A term used in ultrasonics to express the rate at which sound waves pass through various substances is: frequency velocity wave length pulse length | velocity |
| When a vertical indication has reached max signal height displayed on UT instrument, the indication is said to have reached its: distance-amplitude height. absorption level. vertical level. limit of resolution. | vertical level. |
| An ultrasonic testing technique in which the transducer element is not parallel to the test surface is called: angle beam testing immersion testing contact testing through-transmission testing. | angle beam testing |
| In Figure 4, angle 1 (Ɵ1) is called the: angle of incidence. angle of reflection, angle of refraction. none or the above. | angle of incidence. |
| In Figure 4, angle 2 (Ɵ2) is called the: angle of incidence. angle of reflection. angle of refraction. none of the above . | angle of reflection. |
| In Figure 4, angle 3 (Ɵ3) is called the: angle of incidence angle of reflection angle of refraction none of the above. | angle of refraction . |
| Most commercial ultrasonic testing is accomplished using frequencies between: I and 25 kilohertz. 0.2 and 25 megahertz. I and l,000 kilohertz. 15 and 100 megahertz. | 0.2 and 25 megahertz. |
| In an A-scan presentation, the horizontal base line represents the: amount of reflected ultrasonic sound energy. distance traveled by the search unit. elapsed time or distance. none of the above. | elapsed time or distance. |
| In an A-scan presentation, height of vertical ind on screen represents the: amount of UT sound energy returning to the search unit . search unit distance traveled tested material thickness. UT pulse elapsed time. | amount of UT sound energy returning to the search unit . |
| which test frequencies would generally provide the best penetration in a 12-inch thick specimen of coarse-grained steel? I .0 MHz 2. 25 MHz 5.0 MHz 10.0 MHz | I .0 MHz |
| In contact UT (A-scan), the initial pulse (no sweep delay is used): is part entry surface - high ind on far left screen. is part back side - last pulse far right screen is an ind that phases during screening. is second left pulse | is part entry surface - high ind on far left screen. |
| The piezoelectric material in a search unit which vibrates to produce ultrasonic waves is called: a. backing material. b. Lucite wedge. c. a transducer element or crystal | c. a transducer element or crystal |
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