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Lymphatic & Immunity
LPN Lymphatic and Immunity Bio Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Lymphatic System has no pump and its fluids in it generally travel in only one direction. True or False | True |
| Groups of Lymph Nodes are distributed all over the body. T or False | True |
| Lymphatic Fluid Reenters the Blood Stream Through Two Ducts | The right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct |
| Major Lymphatic Structures | The Spleen The Thymus Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue The Tonsils Palatine Tonsils (“the” tonsils) Pharyngeal Tonsils (the “adenoids”) Lingual Tonsils |
| Sickness Is Sometimes Caused By Genetic Disorders, But Is Frequently the Result of which Pathogens | Viruses Bacteria Protists Fungi Worms |
| Your Body’s Immune System has 3 Levels of Protection; | 1) External 2) Internal, Non-Specific 3) Internal, Specific |
| Innate Barriers Unbroken skin Mucous membranes Body secretions Certain reflexes | The Layers of Immunity |
| The Layers of Immunity | Innate Chemicals and Cells Toll-like receptors Phagocytes Natural Killer Cells (cont) Cytokines and other Chemicals |
| Inflammation | a response triggered by damage to living tissues |
| Antibodies: Proteins that Fight Disease | IgG 75% Found in blood, lymph & intes- tines, enhances phagocytosis, neutralizes toxins. IgA 15% Found in glandular secretions, helps fight bacteria & viruses. IgM 5-10% Found in blood & lymph, first antibody secrete |
| What is An Example of An Immune Reaction | |
| Cervical Nodes Axillary Nodes Tracheobronchial Nodes Mesenteric Nodes Inguinal Nodes | Major Lymph Groups |
| Drains the upper right quadrant of the body. | The right lymphatic duct |
| Returns lymph fluids from the legs and the right side of the body and head. | The thoracic duct |
| Consists of Palatine Tonsils (“the” tonsils) Pharyngeal Tonsils (the “adenoids”) Lingual Tonsils | The Tonsils |
| The immune system is a mobile, circulating system. However, there are some fixed anatomical structures | Immune system overview |
| Made within the bone marrow during hematopoeisis | Immune cells |
| The main purpose of lymphatic vessels is to absorb and return lymph fluid from the body back to the blood, and to assist in the body’s immune function. | FACT |
| The circulatory system represents a closed system, with the heart as its central motor, and blood and blood vessels as the other structural elements. The main purpose of the blood vessels is the uninterrupted supply of all body tissues with nutrients and | FACT - Circulatory vs Lymph |
| The lymphatic system and its vessels do not form a closed circulatory system. It begins with small lymphatic vessels, or lymph capillaries, in the body tissues, and continues with successively larger lymphatic vessels, or collectors and trunks, which ulti | Fact - Lymph vs Circulatory system |
| What are the 5 lymphatic organs? | The lymphoid organs assist the lymphatic system. They include the thymus, spleen, tonsils, and appendix, along with some special tissue in the gut: The thymus: The thymus is located in the thoracic cavity, just under the neck. It's made up of two lobes of |
| Lymph nodes perform three functions: | Filter the lymph, preventing the spread of microorganisms and toxins that enter interstitial fluids. Destroy bacteria, toxins, and particulate matter through the phagocytic action of macrophages. Produce antibodies through the activity of B cells. |
| Promotes the maturation of T lymphocytes. Immature T cells migrate through the blood from the red bone marrow to the thymus. Within the thymus, the immature T cells concentrate in the cortex, where they continue their develop | The function of the thymus |
| Ffilters the blood. Macrophages in the spleen remove bacteria and other pathogens, cellular debris, and aged blood cells. There are no afferent lymphatic vessels | The functions of the spleen |
| These two ducts drain lymph into veins in the neck (the right and left subclavian veins at their junctures with the internal jugular veins). Valves in the lymphatic ducts at their junctures with the veins | Lymphatic ducts (the largest lymphatic vessels) |
| Differentiate innate and adaptive immunity | The innate immune response is activated by chemical properties of the antigen. Adaptive immunity refers to antigen-specific immune response. The adaptive immune response is more complex than the innate. |
| The antigen first must be processed and recognized. Once an antigen has been recognized, the adaptive immune system creates an army of immune cells specifically designed to attack that antigen. Adaptive immunity also includes a "memory" that makes future | Adaptive Immunity |
| Nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into play immediately or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body. These mechanisms include physical barriers such as skin, chemicals in the blood, and immune system cells that attack foreign cells in th | Innate immunity w/ example |
| Differentiate in the thymus, and have a specific receptor for a fragment of antigen.. | T-cells |
| Contain a surface protein called CD8 and destroy pathogen infected cells, cancer cells, and foreign cells (transplanted organs). | Cytotoxic T-cells |
| Contain a surface protein called CD4 and regulate both the cellular and humoral immune systems. This regulation reduces autoimmunity. | Helper T-cells |
| self immunity. Some examples include rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, myasthenia gravis, etc. | Autoimmune disease- |
| A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the dis | Vaccine |
| A blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigens, injected to treat or protect against specific diseases | Antiserum |
| Examples of antisera are those against tetanus and rabies (Need 5) | |
| Cytokines and other Chemicals | Interferons Complement Inflammation Fever |
| Adaptive Immunity | Antigens T Cells Antigen-Presenting Cells |
| T cells and B cells are part of what immunity | Adaptive Immunity |
| Examples of innate barriers | Skin, mucous, body secretions, reflexes |
| Days until Antibody level increases with 1st exposure in an immune response | Approximately 7-14 days |
| Days until Antibody level increases with 2nd exposure in an immune response | 28 to 42 days BUT IgG much greater level over 100 units than IgM |
| Be able to explain how the body rids itself of virus-infected cells..from the case study and narrative | Fact |
Created by:
TutorDavis17
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