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musculoskeletaldisor
test 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| osteoblast activity is necessary for | bone formation. |
| estrogen is linked to | calcium reuptake and building of bone tissue |
| the primary complications of osteoporosis is | fractures. bones soften, and there's a decrease in bone matrix and remineralization. pain may occur but fractures can be life threatening |
| ____ causes primary osteoporosis | hormonal imbalance, faulty metabolism and poor dietary intake of calcium causes primary osteoporosis |
| ____ can cause secondary osteoporosis | alcoholism, malnutrition, osteogenesis imperfecta, rheumatoid arthritis, lactose intolerance, liver disease, scurvy, hyperthyroidism, and trauma |
| _______ at any age puts women at risk for osteoporosis because of the associated hormonal imbalance | menopause and hysterectomies |
| primary prevention of osteoporosis includes | maintaining optimal calcium intake and using estrogen replacement therapy |
| secondary prevention of osteoporosis includes | placing items with in reach of the client, using an alert system in the home, and installing bars in bathrooms to prevent falls |
| is the most common form of arthritis and can be extremely debilitating. can affect ppl of any age, although most are elderly | osteoarthritis |
| primary osteoarthritis can be caused by | the overuse of jt, aging or obesity. |
| _____ can cause secondary arthritis | congenital abnormalities and diabetes mellitus can cause secondary osteoarthritis |
| clients with ostearthritis may be on bedrest for prolonged periods. what interventions would be appropriate | turn every 2 hours, adequate nutrition, and cough and deep breath. hydration. active and passive ROM |
| difference b/t ostoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis | osteoarthritis is a localized disease.rheumatoid is systemic. osteoarthritis is not gender specific but rheumatoid is. clients have dislocations and subluxations in both disorders |
| signs of osteoarthritis | asymmetrical jt involvement. |
| signs of rhematoid arthritis | elevated sedimentation rate, mult subcutaneous nodules, adn s/s of inflammation heat, fever, and malaise are |
| instructions for PRimary prevention of injury from osteoarthritis | warming up and avoiding repetitive task. physcial activity is important to maintain jt func. |
| osteoarthritis is | a noninflammatory jt disease, with degeneration and loss of articular cartialge in synovial joints. |
| types of clothing that would hellp a client with osteoarthritis perform ADL's at home | velcro clothing, slip on shoes, and rubber grippers make it easier for them to dress and undress. zippers, tyes, and buttons may be hard for them |
| description of pain in the late stages of osteoarthritis | grating |
| description of pain in the early stages of osteoarthritis | a dull ache and deep aching pain with or without relief with rest |
| a client with osteoarthritis should be encourage to use a cane, walker, or other assistive device as needed to | take weight and stress off the joints. a can should be used on the unaffected side |
| a client with osteoarthritis should ______ activities | pace activities and and avoid overexertion. overexertion can increase degeneration adn cause pain. the client should not become sedentary b/c he'll have a high risk for pneumonia and contractors |
| anti-inflammatory med take | 2-3 weeks for full benefits |
| teach clients to protect their back by | sleeping on the side and carry things close to their body |
| signs of a fracture | redness, warmth, numbness or loss of sensation, and new site of pain, sharp pain related to movement |
| neurovascular assessment includes | capillary refill, movement, pulses and warmth |
| diet for a client with a fracture | high protein to promote cell growth and bone union |
| ______ is important for the healing of fractures | vitamin D.. it increases the absorption and use of calcium and phosphorus. |
| after a surgical repair of the hip, what positioin is best for the clients legs and hips | abduction |
| activity levels normal ordered after a hip replacement | limited weight bearing. the client is allowed to move with restrictions for approx. 2 or 3 months. Abduction past the midline is prohibited. progressive weight bearing reduce the complications of immobility |
| interventions to prevent DVT after hip surgury | subcutaneous heparin and pneumatic compression boots are used. bed rest can cause DVT. |
| discharge instructions for surgery repair and hip fractures include | not flexing the hip more than 90 degrees, not crossing legs, and getting help to put on shoes. |
| to prevent foot drop in a leg with a cast | the foot should be supported with 90 degrees of flexion |
| nursing inteventions for musculoskeletal injury | cold and hot therapy |
| cold therapy | causes the bl vess to constrict, which reduces leakage of fl. into the tissues and prevents swelling and muscle spasms. may reduce pain by numbing |
| hot therapy | promotes circulation, enhances flexibility, reduces muscle spasms and provides analgesia |
| ______________ medications used long term are often associated with osteoporosis | prdnisone (deltasone) |
Created by:
chelsea309
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