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restandactivity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| factors affecting mobility | developmental stage, lifestyle, nutrition, stess, external factors, disease and abnormalities |
| physiology of movement | *Skeletal system:Synarthroses AmphiarthrosesDiarthroses.*Nervous System*Muscles |
| synarthroses | jt that dont move ex. crainal jt |
| amphiarthroses | arent typically used. ex. pelvic jt. opens for birth |
| diarthroses | jt. that move... knees, elbows |
| isokinetic | involve muscle contraction or tension AGAINST RESISTANCE. used to bulid up certain muscles groups ex. mach at the gym |
| isotonic- Increase muscle tone, mass, and strenght and maintain jt. flexibility and circulation. Increases heart rate and cardiac output and increase bl. flow to all parts of the body | activities where the muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction. moving. ex. running, walking, swimming, cycling, ADL's, pushing or pulling against a stationary object, pushing body in a sitting position |
| isometric- produce a mild increase of heart rate but no appreciable increase in bl flow to other parts of the body | involve exerting pressure against a solid object and are useful for strengthen abd., gluteal, and quad. muscles used for ambulation. ex. squeezing a pillow b/t knees. GOOD FOR IMMOBILIZED PT WITH CAST OR TRACTION and endurance train. |
| aerobic | improve cardiovascular func. and physical fitness ex. running skiingis best for your overall health |
| anaaerobic | doesnt increase your oxygen. used in indurance training ex. dead lifts |
| an exercise regimen must include | Flexibility training Resistance training Aerobic conditioning Measure intensity Consider duration and frequency Consider mode |
| effects of immobility musculoskeletal changes | huge fall risk, contractors, foot drop, osteoporosis,impaired jt mobility, stiffness and pain in jts. |
| effects of immobility respiratory changes | retain secretions, risk for (hypstatic) pneumonia, atelatist, decreased resp. movement |
| effects of immobility cardiovascular changes | increase risk for bl clots, orthostatic hypotension, diminished caridac reserve (have tachycardia on minimal exertion)increased use of valsalva maneuver,pooling of bl in lower extremities, dependent edema |
| effects of immobility metabolic changes | needless nutrition, hormone change alters glucose,, fluid and electrolyte alterations, decreased metabolic rate, neg. nitrogen balance(imbal b/t protein synthesis and breakdown. it depletes protein stores that is ess. for building muscle & wound healing) |
| effects of immobility integumentary changes | risk for pressure ulcers, reduce skin turgor, skin can atrophy, impedes on circulation and nutrient distrobution to skin |
| effects of immobility gastrointestinal changes | slowing of perastalis, fecal impaction, constipation, cant absorb nutrients w/impaction, |
| effects of immobility geniturinary changes | risk for UTI, urinary stasis, bone reabsorption-risk for kidney stones, decrease bladdar tone(long term), altered renal func., urinary retention |
| effects of immobility pyschosocial changes | frustrating, emotional, loss of independence, sleep disturbances, |
| assessment of mobility... nursing history | whats ur daily routine? are u able to do these task independently-eating, dressing, bathing, toileting, ambulating, cooking, transfering, cleaning, shopping. where problems exist would u rate urself partially or total dependent? How is the task achieved? |
| assessment of mobility.. history | what types of activities make u tired? do u ever experience dizziness, SOB, marked increased resp rate, or other problems.do u do to exercise, freq, length? are there external factors, health prob. or financial factors that effect ur ability to exercise? |
| assessment of mobility.. general inspection | examination of gait, appearance & movement of jts., body alignment, capabilities and limitations for movement, muscle mass and strength, activity tolerance,are there contrators? edema? pain in extremities? generalized fatigue? |
| signs of atelctasis | uneven rise and fall, no chest sounds |
| how to prevent clots | sequence compression devices, Ted hose, |
| how to measure bl pressure to see if they have orthostatic hypotension | k |
| nursing interventions for immobile clients: muscular | ROM |
| interventions for immobile clients:respiratory | TCDB! incentive spirometry, turning every 1-2 hours, suctioning only when needed, |
| interventions for immobile clients: cardiovascular | get your patient moving! Ted hose anticoagulants, |
| interventions for immobile clients: metabolism | diet, high in protein, encourage fluid, vitamin B and C, |
| interventions for immobile clients: gastrointestinal | fluids, fiber, laxitives, stool softeners, |
| interventions for immobile clients: geniturinary system | 2 liter fluids a day, prevent kidney stones, |
| interventions for immobile clients: psychosocial | talk to them, turn on the TV, plan around their sleep, keep them clean, brush their hair, TLC, |
| interventions for immobile clients: assistive devices for moving and positioning | adjustable beds, pillows, trapeze bars, footboards, trochanter rolls(good for hip replacement), hand rolls, gait belts, splints, canes, walkers, wheel chairs, crutches |
| benefits from exercise | hypertrophy of muscles. jts recieve nourishment. exercises increases jt flexibility, stability, and range of motion. exercise reduces weakness, frailty, depression, reduces the risk and incidence of falling, increase cardiac health. |
| weight bearing exercise and diet maintains | bone density and strength (NONweight bearing exercise is swimming, cycling) |
| more benefits from exercise | prevents pooling of secretions in bronchi, more toxins are released thru deep breathing, improves appetite,increases gastrointestional tone, facilitating in peristalsis, improves immunitity, improves qual. of sleep, stress relief |
| know BMI | |
| clients at risk for immobility include | poorly nourished, have decreased sensitivity to pain, temperature, or pressure, have existing cardiovascular, pulmonary, or neuromuscualr problems, or altered level of consciousness |
| low or semifowlers | semisitting position in a bed. head and trunk raised 15-45 degrees |
| high fowlers | raised 90 degree |
| fowlers | 45-60 degrees. position of choice for ppl who have difficulty breathing and ppl with some heart problems |
| lateral | side laying. reduces lordosis and promotes good back alignment. good for resting and sleeping clients. relieves press. on sacrum and heels in ppl |
| prone | lies on abd head turned to side.only position where hips and knees r fully extended &helps prevent flexion and contract. of the hips and knees. promotes drainage from mouth usefull for unconcious. may not be recommended for problems with lumbar and spine |
| sims | simiprone. used for unconcious clients because it reduces pressure over the sacrum and greater trochanter of the hip. enemas |
| supine or dorsal recumbent | laying on back. used for comfort. resp compromised |
| oblique | sd laying with knees bent |
| interventions for immobile clients... moving clients in and out of bed | turn at least every hours. use friction reducing devices. use transfer boards. use mech. lifts |
| immobile pt outcomes | pt will remain active |
| d | |
| pt saftey goals | educate pt and family on dangers ex. lighting, stairs, fall prevention |
| , |
Created by:
chelsea309
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