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mo3 ch4 musculoskele
Question | Answer |
---|---|
epiphyseal plate | growth plate |
-physis | growth |
oste/o | bone |
crani/o | head/skull |
cervic/o | neck |
spondyl/o | vertebra |
lumb/o | loin/lower back |
brachi/o | arm |
dactyl/o | finger |
carp/o | wrist |
cost/o | rib |
femor/o | femur (thigh bone) |
tibi/o | tibia (shin bone) |
tars/o | ankle0 |
chondr/o | cartlidge |
arthr/o | joint |
burs/o | bursa |
ten/o, | tendon (connective tissue connecting muscle to bone) |
tend/o | tendon (connective tissue connecting muscle to bone) |
tendin/o | tendon (connective tissue connecting muscle to bone) |
myos/o | muscle |
muscul/o | muscle |
my/o | muscle |
fasci/o | fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together) |
ton/o | tone/ tension |
kinesi/o | movement/motion |
kinet/o | movement/motion |
tax/o | arrangement, order, coordination |
ankyl/o | stiff, bent |
costalgia | rib pain |
metatarsalgia | pain in foot bones |
ostalgia | bone pain |
osteodynia | bone pain |
tibialgia | tibia (shin) pain |
ankylosis | joint stiffness |
arthrodynia | joint pain |
cervicodynia | neck pain |
crepitation | crackling sound heart in joints |
genu valgum | knocked knee |
genu varum | bow legged |
bradykinesia | slow movement |
dyskinesia | inability to control movement |
dystaxia | poor coordination |
dystonia | poor muscle tone |
graphospasm | writers cramp |
hyperkinesia | increase muscle movement or activity |
hypertonia | increased muscle tone or tightness |
hypokinesia | decrease in muscle movement or activity |
hypotonia | decrease in muscle tone or tightness |
myalgia | muscle pain |
myasthenia | muscle weakness |
myodynia | muscle pain |
myospasm | muscle weakness |
tenalgia | tendon pain |
arthrocentesis | puncture of a joint |
arthroscope | instrument for looking into a joint |
arthroscopy | procedure of looking into a joint |
electromyogram | a record of the electrical activity of a muscle |
electromyography | procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle |
myography | procedure for studying muscles |
arthrogram | visual record of a joint |
arthrography | procedure used to examine a joint |
computed axial tomography (CAT or CT) | imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis |
kyphosis | humped back; abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine |
lordosis | sway back; abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine |
scoliosis | crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
carpitis | wrist inflammation |
craniomalacia | softening of the skull |
exostosis | an abnormal growth of bone out of another bone |
fracture | a bone break |
osteodystrophy | poor bone development |
osteolysis | bone loss |
osteonecrosis | death of bone |
osteosclerosis | abnormal hardening of bone |
polydactyly | having more than the normal number of fingers (or toes) |
spondylitis | vertebra inflammation |
spondylomalacia | softening of the vertebra |
syndactyly | fusion (sometimes called webbing) of fingers (or toes) |
tarsoptosis | flat feet |
bursolith | a stone in a bursa |
effusion | fluid buildup |
hemarthrosis | blood in the joint |
hydrarthrosis | water (fluid) in the joint |
pyarthrosis | pus in the joint |
atrophy | underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue |
hypertrophy | Definition overdevelopment of muscle tissue |
myocele | hernia of muscle tissue |
myolysis | loss of muscle tissue |
myomalacia | softening of a muscle |
myosclerosis | hardening of muscle |
myotasis | stretching of a muscle |
myotonia | muscle tone |
ankylosing spondylitis | a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae |
chondro-osteodystrophy | poor development of bones and cartilage |
craniosynostosis | the premature fusing of the skull bones |
dactylitis | finger inflammation |
hypertrophic spondylitis | overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation |
osteitis | bone inflammation |
osteochondritis | inflammation of bone and cartilage |
osteogenesis imperfecta | a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease |
osteomalacia | softening of the bone |
osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marro |
osteopathy | bone disease |
osteopenia | reduction in bone volume |
osteoporosis | loss of bone density |
spinal stenosis | abnormal narrowing of the spine |
spondyloarthropathy | joint disease of the vertebrae |
spondylolisthesis | slipping or dislocating of vertebra |
spondylolysis | loss of vertebra structure |
spondylosis | vertebra condition |
rheumatoid arthritis | inflammation of the joints; it is called rheumatoid because its symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever |
septic arthritis | Definition inflammation of the joint caused by infection |
osteoarthritis | inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight |
arthrocele | hernia of a joint |
arthrodysplasia | abnormal joint development |
arthropathy | joint disease |
arthrosclerosis | hardening of the joints |
bursitis | inflammation of the bursa |
bursopathy | disease of the bursa |
subluxation | partial dislocation of a joint |
achondroplasia | a defect in the formation of cartilage |
chondromalacia | abnormal softening of the cartilage |
costochondritis | inflammation of the cartilage of the rib |
fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia |
muscular dystrophy | disorder characterized by poor muscle development |
myoclonus | violent muscle contraction |
myopathy | muscle disease |
myasthenia | muscle weakness |
myofasciitis | inflammation of muscle and fascia |
myositis | muscle inflammation |
necrotizing fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia, causing the death of tissue |
polymyositis | inflammation of multiple muscles |
tardive dyskinesia | condition characterized by the loss of muscle control |
tendinitis | tendon inflammation |
tendonitis | tendon inflammation |
chondroma | a tumorlike growth of cartilage tissue |
myoma | a muscle tumor |
myosarcoma | a cancerous muscle tumor |
osteocarcinoma | bone cancer tumor |
osteochondroma | a tumor made up of bone and cartilage, also known as an exostosis made up of cartilage |
osteosarcoma | cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells |
analgesic | a drug that relieves pain |
antiarthritic | a drug that opposes joint inflammation |
anti-inflammatory | a drug that opposes inflammation |
antipyretic | a drug that opposes fever |
carpectomy | removal of all or part of the wrist |
costectomy | removal of rib |
craniectomy | removal of a portion of the skull |
craniotomy | removal of a portion of the skull |
external fixation | the fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (i.e., using casts, splints, stabilizers) |
internal fixation | the fixation of a fractured bone from the inside (i.e., using screws, pins, plates) |
closed reduction | returning bones to their proper position without the use of surgery |
open reduction | returning bones to their proper position through the use of surgery |
metacarpectomy | removal of a bone in the hand |
orthotics | Definition a device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing of a part |
ostectomy | removal of a bone |
osteectomy | removal of a bone |
osteoclasia | the surgical breaking of a bone (often done to remedy a deformity) |
osteoplasty | reconstruction of a bone |
osteotomy | incision into a bone |
prosthesis | a device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function |
spondylosyndesis | fusing together of multiple vertebrae |
sternotomy | incision into the sternum |
tarsectomy | removal of all or a portion of the ankle |
tarsoclasia | surgical fracture of the ankle (i.e., to treat clubfoot) |
arthrectomy | removal of a joint |
arthroclasia | the therapeutic breaking of a joint to allow for increased mobility |
arthrodesis | surgical fixation of a joint |
arthrolysis | loosening a stiff joint |
arthroplasty | reconstruction of a joint |
arthrotomy | incision into a joint |
bursectomy | removal of a bursa |
bursotomy | incision into a bursa |
chondrectomy | removal of cartilage |
chondroplasty | reconstruction of cartilage |
fasciectomy | removal of fascia |
fasciodesis | binding of fascia |
fascioplasty | reconstruction of fascia |
fasciorrhaphy | suturing of fascia |
fasciotomy | incision into fascia |
myectomy | removal of muscle |
myodesis | binding of a muscle |
myomectomy | removal of a muscle tumor |
myoplasty | muscle reconstruction |
myorrhaphy | muscle suture |
myotomy | incision into muscle |
tendectomy | removal of a tendon |
tendoplasty | reconstruction of a tendon |
tenodesis | binding of a tendon |
tenolysis | removal of a tendon |
tenoplasty | reconstruction of a tendon |
tenorrhaphy | suture of a tendon |
tenotomy | incision into a tendon |
Hx | history |
Fx | fracture |
Tx | traction or treatment |
ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
MCL | medial collateral ligament |
LCL | lateral collateral ligament |
PCL | posterior cruciate ligament |
C1–C7 | cervical (of the neck) vertebrae |
T1–T12 | thoracic (of the chest) vertebrae |
L1–L5 | lumbar (of the loin) vertebrae |
S1–S5 | sacral vertebrae |
DTR | deep tendon reflexes (this is what doctors are testing when they tap the knee with a reflex hammer) |
EMG | electromyogram |
FROM | full range of motion |
NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
OA | osteoarthritis |
ORIF | open reduction internal fixation |
PT | physical therapy |
RA | rest, ice, compression, elevation |
ROM | range of motion |
WB | weight bearing |
WBAT | weight bearing as tolerated |