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HoF quiz 1 (pg 3-15)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ancient history, the Middle Ages, the modern ages | the three main periods of world history |
| Leif Ericson | landed in North America around AD 1000; supposedly the first European to land on the mainland of North America |
| Bering Strait | how the Indians supposedly got to North America |
| iroquois league of five nations | group of Iroquois tribes that came together; was one of the largest and one of the most civilized groups on the North American continent |
| Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, Cayuga | five tribes in the Tree of Peace |
| Mayas, Aztecs | Indian tribes in Mexico |
| Incas | Indian tribes in Peru |
| feudalism | system under which all aspects of Life Focus on the ownership and use of land |
| manors | large tracts of land in the Kingdom |
| lords | ruled the manors |
| Serfs | peasants who farmed the land and share their produce with the Lord of The Manor |
| Crusades | aimed to remove the Muslims from the Holy Land and reconquer it for Christendom |
| Muslims | the people that the Crusades aimed to remove |
| Reconquista | the specific Crusade that try to drive the Moors from southern Spain |
| Grenada | where the Crusades sought to drive the Moors from |
| middle class | the merchants, Traders, Craftsman, Etc that rose up after the Crusades |
| England, France, Spain, Portugal | the four greatest Nations to emerge in Western Europe |
| nationalism | pride in a Homeland; prompted Kings to sponsor expeditions and inspired explorers to seek wealth, honor, and Glory |
| Renaissance | Revival of learning; "rebirth"; revived the classical literature |
| advances in navigation, movable type printing press, rediscovery of the Bible in Hebrew and Greek | how the Renaissance helped set the stage for the discovery of the new world |
| more accurate Maps, improved Rudders, astrolabe, compass | the advances in navigation brought about by the Renaissance |
| movable type printing press | most important invention of the Renaissance |
| Johann Gutenberg | invented the movable type printing press |
| 1440 | year the movable type printing press was invented |
| Bible | the first book printed on the movable type printing press |
| 1517 | year the Protestant Reformation began |
| Martin Luther | started the Protestant Reformation |
| ninety-five theses | what Luther nailed to the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany |
| a Revival of biblical Christianity | what the Protestant Reformation brought to all of Europe |
| John Calvin | an important influence on the people who would colonize North America; Protestant reformer |
| Huguenots | John Calvin's followers in France |
| Dutch reformed | John Calvin's followers in Holland |
| Presbyterians | John Calvin's followers in Scotland |
| Puritans | John Calvin's followers in England |
| the desire for new trade routes and advances in the science of navigation | what encouraged Voyages of exploration |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | founded a navigation School |
| caravel | type of ship that Prince Henry designed to sail Against the Wind |
| Bartholomew Dias | reached the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of South Africa; Portuguese |
| Vasco da Gama | Portuguese; sailed all the way around Africa to India |
| Christopher Columbus | discovered America |
| he believed that the Earth was much smaller than it actually is, he underestimated the percentage of the earth covered by water | two incorrect assumptions that Christopher Columbus made |
| King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella | monarchs that after a five-year wait due to the Reconquista sponsored Columbus's trip to the new world |
| 1492 | The year Christopher Columbus landed in America |
| Bahamas | Island Group Columbus and his men landed in |
| San Salvador | actual place Christopher Columbus landed |
| our savior | what San Salvador means |
| Amerigo Vespucci | first to realize that Columbus had discovered a new continent |
| America | what the new world was called in Vespucci's honor |
| line of demarcation | divided the new world between Spain and Portugal |
| Pope Alexander VI | drew the line of demarcation |
| Pedro Cabral | claimed Brazil for Portugal |
| conquistadors | Spanish conquerors that came West to conquer the Indians |
| Ponce de Leon | first Spanish landing on the mainland of North America |
| Vasco de Balboa | discovered the Pacific Ocean |
| Ferdinand Magellan | three-year Voyage around the world |
| Hernando Cortes | conquered the Aztec Indians |
| Montezuma | Aztec Indian chief |
| Tenochtitlan | capital city of the Aztecs |
| Francisco Pizarro | conquered the Incas |
| Cabeza de Vaca | discovered and explored the Southwest US; "Seven Cities of Cibola" |
| Francisco Coronado | discovered the Grand Canyon |
| Hernando de Soto | discovered the Mississippi River |
| Juan Cabrillo | Portuguese explorer that explored the coast of California |
| Estevanico | best known African to join the Spaniards in the New World |
| st. Augustine | The first permanent European settlement in present day United States |
| Presidio | small fort; how st. Augustine started |
| encomiendas | large Estates granted to Spanish colonists by the king of Spain |
| missions | Spanish settlements begun by the Catholics for the Indians |
| El Camino Real | the Kings Highway; oldest Road in the United States |
| Santa Fe | capital of the Spanish settlement in the American southwest |
| San Diego | The first European settlement in California |
| Catholicism | What Spain introduced to America; it is still dominant in Latin America |
| Philip II | controlled more of Earth's surface than any other man in history |
| England | had a rivalry with Spain, Protestant Reformation |
| religious and economic | Two rivalries between Spain and England |
| Queen Elizabeth I | queen of protestant England in the late 1500s |
| Sir John Hawkins | dog that interfered with Spanish trade by smuggling English goods into Spanish colonies in America |
| Sir Francis Drake | Attacked Spanish ships Bound for Spain from the new world and stole their precious Cargoes of gold and silver |
| counter-reformation | Roman churches response to the Protestant Reformation; Philip II excuse to attack England openly |
| 1588 | The defeat of the Spanish Armada |
| Invincible Armada | Would sail up the English Channel, pick up troops from the Netherlands, and invade England |
| Northwest Passage | supposed water route through North America to the Pacific |
| Giovanni da Verrazzano | explored the eastern coast of North America for France |
| Jacques Cartier | discover the Saint Lawrence River |
| huguenots | established charlesfort and Fort Caroline |
| hardships, Spanish hostilities against Protestants | reasons the huguenots settlements in North America failed |
| 1608 | when the first permanent French settlement in the new world was established |
| Quebec | The first permanent French settlement in the New World |
| Samuel de Champlain | father of New France, established Quebec |
| Jacques Marquette, Louis Joliet | a Jesuit missionary and a fur Trader who both explored the central Mississippi River |
| Robert cavelier De La Salle | framed the entire Mississippi Valley for France |
| Louisiana | what La Salle called the Mississippi Valley |
| Canada, the Great Lakes region, and the Mississippi Valley | the regions in New France |
| voyageurs | French traders who traded with the Indian villages |
| Iroquois | tribe of Indians who did not become allies with the French |
| algonquins, hurons | Two tribes that Champlain United to fight the Iroquois |
| Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable | best known Frenchman of African descent in New France |
| most of the French colonists were hunters and Traders with no permanent home, the colonists lacked self-government, they lacked religious freedom, they lacked economic freedom | reasons New France remained sparsely populated |
| New Orleans | best-known city of French heritage in America |
| Rich Heritage | What France left in North America |
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tatianaprince
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