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CARDIAC KQ
Nursing Care : Heart Failure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most common cause of heart failure in the elderly? | cardiac ischemia |
| What is one of the major causes of left sided heart failure? | hypertension |
| How is left sided heart failure manifested in relation to symptoms (what system presents as affected?) | pulmonary system, due to the back up from the left ventricle into the left atrium and then back into the four pulmonary veins and lungs |
| What symptom will appear with regards to pulmonary system? | pulmonary edema |
| How is pulmonary edema presented clinically? | SOB, pink frothy sputum |
| What is the major cause of right sided heart failure? | left sided failure |
| what is cor pulmonale? | when the right ventricle hypertrophies or fails because of increased pulmonary pressures |
| Where does the build up of blood go when there is right sided failure? | into the systemic blood vessels |
| What is the presenting symptom with Right sided failure? | JVD,edema, engorgement of abdomenal organs |
| What is hepatomegaly? | liver engorgement |
| What is splenomegaly? | spleen engorgement |
| What compensatory mechanism does the body have when faced with heart failure? | renin angiotensin mechanism,sympathetic nervous system initiation of epinephrine,heart chambers dilate |
| What is orthopnea? | dyspnea that increases when lying flat |
| What is PND? describe it | Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea : sudden shortness of breath that occurs after lying flat for a time |
| What causes orthopnea? | gravity not holding fluid back from lungs and heart that normally would have been accumulating in the legs |
| How do you describe positioning with orthopnea? | pillow number pillow prop "three pillow orthopnea" |
| Why is there altered mental status with heart failure? | less cardiac output decreases the amount of oxygen delivered to the brain |
| Why is malnutrition associated with heart failure? | due to the lack of energy available to eat, engorgement of abdomenal organs |
| What is the overall goal of medical treatment for chronic heart failure? | improve pumping ability and decrease heart oxygen demand |
| What are the 4 treatment focuses for heart failure? | 1-correct the cause 2- increase strength of cardiac contraction 3-maintain optimum water and sodium balance 4-decrease the hearts workload |
| What do loop diuretics do for heart failure? | decrease fluid overload |
| What do thiazide diuretics do for heart failure? | decrease fluid overload |
| What do beta blockers do for heart failure? | reduce sympathetic nervous system input, decrease HR, and improve CO |
| What do aldosterone antagonists do for heart failure? | blocks the effects of aldosterone and has positive effet on sodium and potassium balance |
| What do cardiac glycosides do for heart failure? | increase force and contraction of the myocardium |
| What do vasodilators do for heart failure? | decreases afterload,reduces cardiac workload used for those that cannot take ACE inhibitors |
| What does an IABP do? | increases circulation to coronary arteries decreases workload of te heart |
| What does a VAD do? | temporarily suppports and allows ventricle that is failing to rest |
| What is a cardiomyoplasty? | latissimus dorsi is wrapped around heart and stimulated to assist with cardiac contraction |
| What are the 4 nursing interventions for those with heart failure? | improve oxygenation,education,promote self care, facilitate coping |
Created by:
Kelly Quijano
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