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Speech Pathology

Muscles of the Tongue

QuestionAnswer
Function of Extrinsic Tongue Muscles? These muscles serve to anchor the tongue, add to tongue bulk, aid in tongue movement
What are the Extrinsic Tongue Muscles? Genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus, and palatoglossus
Genioglossus: Description? Forms bulk of the tongue tissue; largest and strongest tongue muscle
Genioglossus: Origin? Origin: Mental Spines
Genioglossus: Course? Some fibers course inferiorly to hyoid; remainder fan out to tongue dorsum
Genioglossus: Insertion? Some fibers insert into tongue dorsum, some into hyoid
Genioglossus: Function? Posterior fibers will pull whole tongue forward to protrude tip; anterior fibers will retract tongue;all fibers together will draw tongue downward
Styloglosssus: Origin? Styloid process of the temporal bone
Styloglosssus: Course? Radiates into a fan-shaped muscle, courses inferiorly and anteriorly
Styloglosssus: Insertion? Some fibers insert into the sides of the tongue near the dorsum; rest blend with fibers of hyoglossus
Styloglosssus: Function? Draws tongue up and back, antagonist to genioglossus; May also draw sides of tongue up to produce a trough
Hyoglossus: Origin? Origin: Body and greater horn of hyoid
Hyoglossus: Course? Vertically and sightly divergent
Hyoglossus: Insertion? Insertion: lateral tissue of posterior 1/2 of tongue; fibers become continuous with palatoglossus
Hyoglossus: Function? Retract and depress tongue
Palatoglossus: Origin? Origin: Lower surface of the palatal aponeuroses , interwoven with other fibers
Palatoglossus: Course? Inferior
Palatoglossus: Insertion? Insertion: sides of tongue
Palatoglossus: Function? May pull palate down or sides of tongue up
Names of the Intrinsic Tongue Muscles? Superior Longitudinal, Inferior Longitudinal, Transverse, and Vertical
Superior Longitudinal: Origin? fibrous tissue close to root of tongue; median fibrous septum
Superior Longitudinal: Course and insertion? Anteriorly/Insertion: fibrous membrane at edges of tongue
Inferior Longitudinal: Function Shortens tongue and/or pulls down tip
Superior Longitudinal: Function? Shortens tongue, turns tip up, may also contribute to trough formation
Inferior Longitudinal: Origin? Origin: root of tongue and perhaps hyoid
Inferior Longitudinal: Course and Insertion? Anteriorly/blends with othe fibers from root to tip
Transverse: Origin and Course? Median fibrous septum/Laterally
Transverse: Insertion? Insertion: Fibrous tissue at lateral margin of tongue
Transverse: Function? Narrows and elongates the tongue
Vertical: Origin? Muccous membrane of tongue dorsum
Vertical: Course? Vertically downward and lateral
Vertical: Insertion? Insertion: Sides and inferior surface of tongue
Vertical: Function? Flattens tongue
Created by: wyhanes
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