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Pharm2 Chapter 39
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are the two major toxic effects of Aminoglycosides | Ototoxicity, and Nephrotoxicity |
What should be monitored while a patient is on Aminoglycosides to prevent nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity | Peak and through blood levels |
What are some sysptoms of ototoxicity | Dizziness, tinnitus, and hearing loss |
What are some symptoms of nephrotoxicity | Urinary casts, proteinuria, and increased BUN and serum creatinine levels |
Nonspecific-cell mediated immunity produce | T-cells, which produce Killer T-cells, and T-helper cells. They do not produce antibodies |
Specific-humoral immune system produces | B-cells, and T-cells |
What is another name for Specific-humoral immune system | Antibody mediated immunity |
B-cells eventually become | Plasma cells |
Plasma cells produce | Antibodies |
What are your more prominent viral illnesses | Smallpox, sore throat, conjunctivitis (pink eye), warts, influenza, respiratory infections, gastroenteritis, HIV/AIDS, herpes, and hepatitis |
Who are more susceptible to frequent viral infections | Cancer patients (leukemia, lymphoma), transplant patients, and AIDS patients |
These don’t destroy, they inhibit replication | Antiviral |
These stimulate the bodies immune system to kill virions directly | Interferons |
HIV attacks what cells | T-cells |
Why are viruses difficult to eradicate | b/c host cells are destroyed |
These are used to treat infections caused by viruses other than HIV, such as herpes simplex, vericella, influenza, cytomegaly, hepatitis, RSV | Antiviral agents |
Used to treat infections caused by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS | Antiretroviral agents |
Herpes-Simplex Viruses (HSV-1) is what | Oral herpes |
Herpes-Simplex Viruses (HSV-2) is what | Genital herpes |
What is the name of an anti-herpesvirus agent | Acyclovir (Zovirax) |
What is the name of an anti-influenza agent | Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) |
What side effects does Nonretroviral Amantadine (Symmetrel) have | Insomnia, nervousness, lightheadedness, anorexia, and nausea |
What nonretroviral is more effective and has fewer side effects than Amantadine (Symmetrel) | Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) |
What medications are used to treat the Herpes Simplex Virus | Acyclovir (zovirax), Valacyclovir (Valtrex), and Famciclovir |
What is a topical treatment used for herpes | Abrieva |
What nonretroviral drug has a very cytotoxic effect and is used to treat Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Ganciclovir (Cytovene) |
What is the name of the oral form of Ribavirin that is used to treat Hep. C | Copegus, and Rebetol |
What is that name of the inhalation for of Ribavirin that is used to treat RSV infections in hospitalized infants | Virazole |
What does ELISA stand for and what does is detect | Stands for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and it is used to detect HIV exposure based on the presence of human antibodies to the virus in the blood. |
How many stages are there of the HIV infection | 5 stages |
What are the stages | Stage 1 Asymptomatic infection →1st few weeks to months after initial exposure Stage 2 Early, general symptoms of disease Stage 3 Highly symptomatic Stage 4 Progression to full blown AIDS Stage 5 Death |
HAART | Highly active antiretroviral therapy |
These block activity of the enzyme reverse transcriptase, preventing production of new viral DNA | Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors |
These inhibit the protease retroviral enzymes, preventing viral replication | Protease Inhibitors |
These inhibit viral fusion, preventing viral replication | Fusion inhibitors |
What Reverse transcriptase inhibitor is most commonly used | Zidovudine (Retrovir) |
What Fusion inhibitor is most commonly used | Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) |
Do antiretroviral medication regimens change during the course of the illness | Yes |