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Pharm2 Chapter 37

QuestionAnswer
What are some signs and symptoms of an infection Fever, chills, sweats, redness, pain and swelling, fatigue, weight loss, and increased WBC count
What medications are used to treat bacterial infections Antibiotics
What should you do to a patient before starting an antibiotic The infection should be cultured
Treatment of an infection before specific culture information has been reported or obtained Empiric Therapy Empiric Therapy#
Treatment with antibiotics to prevent an infection, as in intraabdominal surgery or after trauma Prophylactic Therapy
This is when signs and symptoms do not improve Subtherapeutic response
This is a secondary infection, which may be serious Superinfection
Of Antibiotic resistance what are the two most pressing health problems Inappropriate prescribing and patients not completing the entire course of therapy
What host factors affect antibiotic use Age, allergies, organ function, pregnancy, genetics, site of infection
What are some genetic host factors G6PD deficiency, Slow acetylation
What are the most common antibiotics that can cause a allergic reaction Penicillin and Sulfonamides
Is GI upset a allergic reaction No
With Antibiotic Therapy what are the four common mechanisms of action Interference w/ cell wall synthesis, interference w/ protein synthesis, interference with DNA replication, and acting as a metabolite to disrupt critical metabolic reactions inside the bacterial cell
What does Bactericidal mean Kills bacteria
This inhibits growth of susceptible bacteria, rather than killing them immediately; will eventually lead to bacterial death Bacteristatic
What is used for the treatment of UTI’s Sulfonamides
What drug is used with Sulfonamides as a combination product Erythromycin (treats otitis media)
If you are allergic to penicillin; what antibiotic should you not take Cephalosporins
What are the two major B-Lactam antibiotics Penicillin and Caphalosporins
What is Penicillin A mold
What is the most common antibiotic drug that causes an anaphylactic response Penicillin
When a patient is having a anaphylactic response to Penicillin, what should be given to them Benadryl
Penicillin’s that inhibit cell wall synthesis are commonly known as Bactericidal
Penicillin’s are also known as B-Lactam’s
What enzymes are produced by bacteria that are capable of destroying penicillin B-Lactamases
What chemicals have been developed to inhibit enzymes from destroying penicillin, and are usually given with penicillin to prevent it Clavulanic acid, Tazobactam and Sulbactam
What is the mechanism of action that penicillin plays on the body Its kills a bacteria cells by lysis, and it does not kill other cells in the body
Penicillin’s are used for the prevention and treatment of infections caused by susceptible bacteria, such as Gram-positive bacteria
What are some common types of allergic reactions caused by Penicillin Urticaria, pruritus, and angioedema
What are some common adverse effects caused by penicillin Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
What some of the many penicillin interactions NSAIDs, oral contraceptives, and Warfarin
How many generations does Cephalosporins have Four generations
Which antibiotic is closely related to penicillin Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins is a semi synthetic derivative from a Fungus and has a bactericidal action
First generation cephalosporins Good gram-positive coverage. Can be given parenteral and PO. Is used for surgical prophylaxis, URI’s, otitis media
Second generation cephalosporins Good gram-positive coverage
Third generation cephalosporins Most potent group against gram-negative
Fourth generation cephalosporins Has a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity than third generation, especially against gram positive bacteria
What are some common side effects of cephalosporins Mild diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, pruritis, redness, edema
What antibiotic drug has a broad-spectrum antibacterial action, and is reserved for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections and can only be given parenterally Carbapenems
What are two Macrolides Erythromycin, and Azithromycin (Zythromax)
What are some Macrolide indications Strep infections, mild to moderate URI and LRI, spirochetal infections, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and mycoplasma
Common side effects from erythromycin GI effects, like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatotoxicity, flatulence, jaundice, and anorexia
Which macrolide has fewer GI effects, longer duration of action, better efficacy, and better tissue penetration Azithromycin
What tetracycline is used to treat Chlamydia Doxycycline
What products reduce oral absorption of tetracycline and should be avoided while taking this antibiotic Dairy products, antacids, and iron salts
Who should not use tetracycline Children under the age of 8, pregnant/lactating women because of tooth discoloration
While on tetracycline, one should avoid Sunlight and tanning beds due to photosensitivity
Created by: cspearsall
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