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Pain Management
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acute Pain | recent onset of pain that abates as healing occurs;serves as a warning signal that something is wrong or needs attention |
| Addiction | a chronic neurological and biologic disease characterized by behaviors that includes the following : impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use to use despite harm, and craving to use the opioid for effects other than pain relief. |
| Adjuvant Analgesic Agent | a drug that has a primary indication other than pain, but is an analgesic agent for some painful conditions; sometimes called co-analgesics |
| Agonist-Antagonist | a type of opioid that binds to the kappa opioid receptor site acting as an agonist (capable of producing analgesia) and simultaneously to the mu opiod receptor site acting as an agonist (reversing mu agonist effects) |
| Allodynia | pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain, such as touch; typically experienced in the skin around areas affected by nerve injury and commonly seen with neuropathic pain syndromes |
| Antagonist | drug that competes with agonists for opioid receptor binding sites; can displace agonists, thereby inhibiting their action |
| Breakthrough Pain | a transitory increase in pain that occurs on a background of otherwise controlled persistent pain |
| Ceiling Effect | an analgesic dose above which further dose increments produce no change in effect |
| Chronic Pain | pain that may or may not be time limited but that persists beyond the usual course/time of tissue healing |
| Comfort-Function Goal | the pain rating identified by the individual patient above which the patient experiences interference with function and quality of life |
| Efficacy | the extent to which a drug or another treatment "works" and can produce the effect in question--analgesia in t his context |
| Half-Life | the time it takes for plasma concentration to be reduced by 50% , or increasing its dose , four to five half-lives are required to approach steady state level in the blood |
| Hydrophilic | readily absorbed in aqueous solution |
| Intraspinal | refers to spaces or potential saces surrounding the spinal cord into which medications can be given |
| Lipohilic | readily absorbed into fatty tissues |
| Metabolite | the product of biochemical reactions drug metabolism |
| Neuropathic | pain sustained by injury or dysfunction of the peripheral or central nervous systems and distinctly different from nociiceptive (physiologic) pain. |
| Nociceptive | pain that is sustained by ongoing activation of the sensory system that conducts the perception of noxious stimuli. |
| Nonopioid | refers to analgesic agents that include acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) |
| Opioid | refers to codeine, morphine, and other natural , semisynthetic, and synthetic drugs that relieve pain by binding to multiple types of opioid receptors. |
| Physical Dependence | the body's normal response to administration of an opioid for 2 or more weeks; withdrawl symptoms may occur if an opioid is abruptly stopped or an antagonist is given. |
| Placebo | any medication or procedure, including surgery that produces an effect in a patient because of its implicit or explicit intent and not because of its specific physical or chemical properties |
| Refractory | non-responsive or resistant to therapeutic interventions such as analgesic agents |
| Titration | upward or downward adjustment of the amount (dose) of an analgesic agent |
| Tolerance | a process characterized by decreasing effects of a drug at its previous dose, or the need for a higher dose of drug to maintain an effect |
| Withdrawl | result of abrupt cessation or rapid decrease in dose of a substance upon which one is physically dependent, it is not necessarily indicative of addiction |
Created by:
DocMorris
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