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Community Exam 3
Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an umbrella term covering impairments, activity limitations, & participation restrictions | disability |
| conditions that are manifested by limitation before the legal age of adulthood, which is 18 | developmental disabilities |
| a problem in body function or structure- activity limitation or participation restriction | impairment |
| difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action | activity limitation |
| a disadvantage resulting from an impairment or disability that prevents fulfillment of an expected role | handicap |
| mandated health decisions communicated & protected & that patients, upon admission to a health care facility, are asked if they have a durable power of attorney or an advance directive | the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) of 1990 |
| new cases in a population | incidence |
| diseases that occur at a consistent, expected level in a geographic area | endemic |
| an unexpected occurrence of an infectious disease in a limited geographic area during a limited period of time | outbreak |
| an unexpected increase of an infectious disease in a geographic area over an extended period of time | epidemic |
| steady occurrence of a disease over a large geographic area or worldwide (ex: ebola) | pandemic |
| infectious agent has invaded a host & found conditions hospitable to replicate; replication before shedding | latent period |
| follows latency; begins with the shedding of an agent; ex: coughing becomes airborne | communicable period |
| time from invasion to time when disease symptoms first appear; may overlap with communicable period; people can come in contact w/ someone not showing symptoms & can spread from person to person | incubation period |
| animals who can transmit infectious agents through biological & mechanical routes | Vectors |
| any inanimate objects, materials, or substances that act as transport agents for a microbe (ex: sneezing on piece of paper --> someone else touches it) | Formites |
| vectors & formites: | indirect transmission |
| universal precautions: | wearing gloves, washing hands |
| the reduction of incidence (new cases) or prevalence (existing cases) | control |
| controlling a disease within a specified geographic area & reducing the prevalence & incidence to near zero | elimination |
| reducing the worldwide incidence of a disease to zero as a function of deliberate efforts (ex: smallpox) | eradication |
| ensures vaccines kept at a designated temperature | cold chain |
| vaccine hypersensitivity & contraindications/ allergies: | eggs, egg proteins, antibiotics, preservatives, & adjuvants |
| mild illness with or without low grade fever? | postpone if moderate or severe febrile illness |
| pregnancy? | use only inactivated vaccines, antitoxins, or immune gobulins. AVOID LIVE VACCINES |
| Immunocompromised? | avoid live vaccines. Killed or inactivated vaccines can be given but may not produce optimal antibody response. |
| any event that causes a level of destruction, death, or injury that affects the abilities of the community to respond to the incident using available resources | disaster |
| involves 100+ individuals | mass casualty |
| involves 2 to 99 individuals | multiple casualty |
| how often a disaster occurs | frequency |
| ability to determine when & whether a disaster will occur | predictability |
| actions taken to reduce loss of life & property; take action before disaster happens | mitigation |
| speed of onset & anticipated duration of incident | imminence |
| preventing occurrence of disaster or limiting consequences | primary prevention |
| geographic map of area analyzed for potential disaster | risk map |
| strategies are implanted once the disaster occurs | secondary prevention |
| range of the effects of the disaster | scope |
| number of individuals affected, injured, or killed | number of casualties |
| level of destruction & devastation | intensity |
| supports citizens & first responders to build, sustain, & improve the capacity to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, & mitigate all hazards | The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) |
| prevents terrorism & ensures resilience to disasters | U.S. Department of Homeland Security |
| supports citizens & first responders to build, sustain, & improve the capacity to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, & mitigate all hazards | The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) |
| prevents terrorism & ensures resilience to disasters | U.S. Department of Homeland Security |
| FEMA is more based on what type of prevention? | primary prevention |
| stay where you're at, don't go out? | shelter in place |
| helping others? | heroic phase |
| relive event & tell stories; express gratitude? | honeymoon phase |
| feelings of despair & exhaustion | disillusionment phase |
| rebuilding, return to normalcy | reconstruction phase |
| a disruption in the life principle that pervades a person's entire being & that integrates & transcends one's biological & psychosocial nature | spiritual distress |
| fatal four: | constipation/bowel obstruction; aspiration/GERD; dehydration; seizures |
| what does IEP stand for? | individualized education plan |
| reasonable accommodations; employers can't discriminate; public places have to be accessible for walking limitations, etc.: | Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) |
| national; money comes from govt.; laid off/disabilities --> hard time finding a job? Helps individuals get trained for a job; free of charge; helps them retain their health insurance; in Indiana: Work 1 | Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act (TWWIIA) |
| category 1 homelessness: | literally homeless- individuals & families who lack a fixed, regular, & adequate nighttime residence; includes a subset for an individual who resides in an emergency shelter |
| category 2 homelessness: | imminent risk of homeless- lose their primary nighttime residence; getting ready to lose their rent |
| category 3 homelessness: | homeless under other federal statutes- unaccompanied youth & families w/ children & youth (youth run aways under age of 18) |
| category 4 homelessness: | fleeing/attempting to flee domestic violence- sexual assault, stalking, being threatened, etc. |
| demographic characteristics: | individuals mostly males; large # of minorities; families (at least 1 adult & 1 child); veteran men |
| more people need sheltered than what we have available; we have housing, just not affordable for homeless people | shortage of available housing |
| one day in January (coldest time of year --> more likely to go to shelters); set up a day that everyone counts an area of homeless; estimate, not fully accurate; includes sheltered & non-sheltered homeless | point in time count |
| provides services to generally underserved populations (low income); usually free or a reduced rate; community based clinics; medical services, dental, mental health, substance abuse services; all age ranges; regardless of their ability to pay | Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) |
| treat everyone the same regardless; treated equitable, doesnt matter about wealth or sexual status; used as a model for homeless (model upstream) | social justice |
| a lot have substance abuse, drug abuse, &/or mental health | chronically homeless health |
| rural/migrant health: problems d/t several reasons- fewer health care providers; live farther away from major health centers/providers/specialists; telehealth has become popular; usually don't have health insurance; usually poor; language barrier | access to care |
| rural/migrant health: afraid to seek out health services (afraid they will be deported & sent back to their home countries) | primary care |
| rural/migrant health: many are not trained at all --> fatal injuries; respiratory illnesses (d/t pesticides) | occupational health risks |
| rural/migrant health: fatal injuries (farm accidents: amputations, burns, machinery related accidents, falls, chemical injuries); language barrier | accidents & injuries |
| rural/migrant health: respiratory illnesses (d/t pesticides); diabetes; alcoholism | acute & chronic illnessess |
| notifiable infectious diseases: high area diseases? | HIV, hepatitis, STDs, botulism, e. coli, toxic shock syndrome |
| chain of transmission must have what? | an agent, a host, a reservoir, a portal of entry, a portal of exit |
| how it gets into you: respiratory, skin, blood vessels, put something in your mouth, placenta | portal of entry |
| how it leaves your body: respiratory, secretions, saliva, blood, feces, semen | portal of exit |
| similar to host: human, plant, animal, etc. | reservoir |
| gender, age group (ex: women in their 50s), immunocompromised, occupation are all examples of what? | a host |
| bacteria, virus, something someone has been exposed to chemically are all examples of what? | infectious agent |
| where it occurs at; crowded housing, food supply: | environment |
| what are ways to break an EPI triangle? | control, eradicate, quarantine (isolation) |
| resistance to a specific antigen or toxin | natural immunity |
| produced its own antibodies | active immunity |
| ex: mom to baby by breastfeeding; TEMPORARY; can be passed through plasma, immunoglobins | passive immunity |
| high proportion of people have been immunized/vaccinated (80%), they will cover the rest that have not; ex: diphtheria | herd immunity |
| vaccine leaves manufacture --> kept at a certain temperature; has to be tracked --> nurse/doctor gives vaccine to patient | cold chain |
| health prevention; promotion; ex: vaccines | primary prevention |
| detect early; ex: screenings | secondary prevention |
| caring for persons with an infectious disease to ensure that they are cured or that their quality of life is maintained | tertiary prevention |
| given to patient when you give a vaccination; states risks, benefits, etc. | vaccine information statements (VIS) |
| drug addiction; needle exchange program; methadone clinics; involves social justice; doesn't take drug away, just reduces harm/affects | harm reduction |
| personal type of disaster (affects you & your family) | emergency |
| type of disaster that involves 100+ individuals; involves multiple resources | mass casualty |
| worst type of bioterrorism (smallpox) | category A |
| detrimental but not as bad as category A; suspected to be food sources; ex: slamonella, e. coli | category B |
| emerging infections; ex: Hanta virus- inhaling rodent feces, urine, etc.; Nipah virus- pigs | category C |
| always start at what type of government? | local government |
| what comes after local government? | state government |
| what comes after state government? | federal government |
| nonperishable foods, blankets, candles, etc.? | basic disaster supplies |
| stay where you're at, don't go out, stay indoors | shelter in place |
| disaster management stage: nothing has happened yet; ex: exercises, drills, training, chapter talks about risk maps, etc. | prevention stage |
| disaster management stage: having the right equipment needed; ex: assembling disaster kit, meeting place in case of emergency, etc. | preparedness & planning stage |
| disaster management stage: after an incident happens; advice on what to do: shelter options, listen to radio for further instructions, shelter in place, etc. | response stage |
| disaster triage- black: | death/ imminent death (multiple severe injuries) |
| disaster triage- red: | immediate; transported first; ex: amputations; high survival rate |
| disaster triage- yellow: | some injuries, not life threatening; ex: simple fractures, deep cut/ need sutures |
| disaster triage- green: | walking wounded; ex: minor cuts/bruises |
| start triage means: | simple triage & rapid treatment |
| social & environmental needs of their citizens: | social index |
Created by:
yulissalira
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