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Final Review-B. Nuke
Final Review-Basic Nuclear Era
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The __________________ refers to the indirect but hostile conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union that began at the end of World War II. | Cold War |
| This group consisted entirely of Eastern European nations and was dependent on and dominated by the Soviet Union. | satellite nations; Warsaw Pact |
| Billions of dollars in economic aid was provided to many foreign nations as part of the ____________ | Marshall Plan |
| The defensive alliance known as ____________ was the first military alliance that the United States ever entered during peacetime. | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
| President Truman fired General MacArthur in response to ______________ | MacArthur’s public criticism of Truman |
| Accusations that communism was widely present in the U.S. government and military were made by Senator _____________ | Joseph McCarthy |
| When the Soviet Union exploded an atomic bomb, the United States responded by ________. | building the Hydrogen bomb |
| _________ was the name of the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth. | Sputnik I |
| Who wrote a book of advice on child-rearing that sold 10 million copies in the 1950s? | Benjamin Spock |
| Who were the braceros? | Mexican workers who came to the U.S. during WWII |
| What was the termination policy? | a failed federal program directed at Native Americans |
| Who developed the first effective vaccine against polio? | Jonas Salk |
| The two candidates for president in the 1960 election were _________ and _________. | John Kennedy; Richard Nixon |
| True or False: John F. Kennedy came from a wealthy and politically experienced family. | True |
| True or False: John F. Kennedy served as Congressman from 1946-1952. | True |
| True or False: John F. Kennedy served as Vice-President before becoming President. | False |
| True or False: John F. Kennedy served as Senator from 1952-1960. | True |
| True or False: John F. Kennedy won a Pulitzer for his book Profiles in Courage . | True |
| True or False: John F. Kennedy was the first Catholic elected President. | True |
| True or False: John F. Kennedy was the youngest elected President at the age of 43 | True |
| ____________ was the Communist dictator of Cuba from 1959-2016. | Fidel Castro |
| The _________ was a failed invasion of Cuba that attempted to start an uprising to overthrow Castro in April of 1961. | Bay of Pigs |
| The _____________ ended when Khrushchev agreed to remove missiles from Cuba in exchange for America’s promise not to invade Cuba. | Cuban missile crisis |
| The ____________ crisis began when Khrushchev threatened to sign a treaty with East Germany that would close all access roads to West Berlin. | Berlin |
| The Soviet cosmonaut, ________ , became the first human in space. | Yuri Gagarin |
| _________ was the first man to set foot on the moon. | Neil Armstrong |
| Michael Harrington’s book ________ showed that 42 million Americans lived in poverty. | The Other America |
| _________ was arrested for the assassination of JFK. | Lee Harvey Oswald |
| True or False: Lyndon Johnson served in both the House and the Senate. | True |
| True or False: Lyndon Johnson served as Senate Majority Leader. | True |
| True or False: Johnson served as Vice-President under John F. Kennedy. | True |
| The __________ signed into law by Johnson prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender. | Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| The Court stated in the case _______ that police must read suspects their rights before questioning. | Miranda v. Arizona |
| In __________ , the Court ruled that separate schools for whites and blacks was illegal. | Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka |
| President ________ sent in federal troops to force the integration of Central High School in Little Rock. | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Who led the team of lawyers in the Brown case and later went on to become the first African American Supreme Court justice? | Thurgood Marshall |
| Who was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on the bus to a white man? | Rosa Parks |
| Who was the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi? | James Meredith |
| Who became the first African American woman elected to the House of Representatives? | Shirley Chisholm |
| _________ was a pastor who was chosen to lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott, gave the famous “I Have a Dream” speech at the March on Washington, and won the Nobel Peace Prize for his civil rights efforts. | Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. |
| __________ studied the teachings of Elijah Muhammad, openly preached that blacks should separate from whites, and called for “armed self-defense,” but changed his thinking later on and called for African Americans to choose “Ballots or bullets." | Malcolm X |
| The _________ banned discrimination in the renting or selling of housing. | Civil Rights Act of 1968 |
| The _______ eliminated voter literacy tests and enabled federal examiners to register voters. | Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
| The ________ prohibited discrimination because of race, religion, national origin, and gender in most employment and public accommodations and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. | Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| What was the United States’ main goal in Vietnam? | the containment of communism |
| What act authorized President Johnson to conduct the war in Vietnam? | the Tonkin Gulf Resolution |
| Who served as the commander of U.S. troops in Vietnam? | General William Westmoreland |
| What policy did President Nixon say would bring about “peace with honor” in Vietnam | the Vietnamization of the war |
| What event or action was most effective in leading the American public to conclude that the war was unwinnable? | the Tet offensive |
| The main purpose of the War Powers Act was to _______________ | restrict the power of the president to wage war |
| Name the two men who served as Secretary of Defense under Johnson | Robert McNamara and Clark Clifford |
| Who was the Communist leader of North Vietnam? | Ho Chi Minh |
| Who was the Vietnamese leader who launched the strategic hamlet program? | Ngo Dinh Diem |
| What was the name given to the National Liberation Front by its opponents? | Vietcong |
| _________________________ was Nixon’s chief National Security advisor, represented the U.S. at the Paris peace talks, and won the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. | Henry Kissinger |
| What year did the last U.S. troops leave Vietnam? | 1973 |
| Approximately __________ American troops died in Vietnam. | 58,000 |
| __________ have always made up the largest group of Latinos in the United States. | Mexicans |
| ______________ began settling in Miami after a political revolution occurred in their country in 1959. | Cubans |
| Cesar Chavez and _____ helped establish the national Farm Workers Association in 1962. | Dolores Huerta |
| ____________ was an organization formed by young Native Americans who demanded greater rights and sometimes used violence to obtain their goals. | American Indian Movement (AIM) |
| The _____________________________________ was a 1972 march on Washington, D.C. organized by AIM leader Russell Means that called for the restoration of 110 million acres of land to Native Americans. | Trail of Broken Treaties |
| _______ is the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with women. | Feminism |
| ____________ published the book The Feminine Mystique and helped found NOW. | Betty Friedan |
| _____________ is an organization founded in 1966 to pursue feminists’ goals, such as better child-care facilities, improved educational opportunities, and an end to job discrimination. | National Organization for Women (NOW) |
| The Court case _______________________ allows women to choose an abortion. | Roe v. Wade |
| The _____________________ was a failed amendment that would have guaranteed equality of rights, regardless of sex. | Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) |
| The _________________________ refers to an invisible, but very real, resistance to promoting women to top positions. | glass-ceiling |
| Participants in the cultural revolt of the 1960s were called __________________. | hippies |
| _________ was a 3-day music festival in August 1969 in New York attended by 400,000 people. | Woodstock |
| The _______________________ was a radical faction in the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) that favored the use of violence and terror. | Weathermen |
| What were Nixon’s beliefs about the size and influence of government ? | Had a plan called New Federalism which was to distribute a portion of federal power to state and local governments |
| Nixon’s law and order policies included what sort of illegal activities? | Using the FBI to illegally wiretap the Democratic Party offices; Using the CIA to investigate and compile documents on thousands of people who objected to the government’s policies; Using the IRS to audit tax returns of antiwar and civil rights activists |
| Between 1967 and 1973, the U.S. faced stagflation. What is stagflation? | High unemployment and high inflation |
| What was realpolitik? | Foreign policy should be based solely on consideration of power, as only strong nations matter |
| Nixon’s policy aimed at easing Cold War tensions was called ___________ | détente |
| What was Nixon’s policy toward China? | Nixon visited China and opened up diplomatic and economic relations with the Chinese |
| What was the SALT I Treaty? | a five-year agreement that limited the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched missiles held by the U.S. and the Soviet Union |
| Watergate refers to ______________ | A scandal involving the Nixon’s administration’s attempt to cover up a burglary of the Democratic National Committee headquarters |
| What eventually happened to President Nixon? | He resigned from office and he was granted a full pardon by President Gerald Ford |
| President Gerald Ford called on Americans to cut back on their use of oil and gas and to take other energy-saving measures in a program he called _______________ | Whip Inflation Now (WIN) |
| What were the Helsinki Accords? | This was a series of agreements that promised greater cooperation between the nations of Eastern and Western Europe. |
| What were the Camp David Accords? Who were the leaders and the countries involved? | The agreement was signed by Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel and President Anwar el-Sadat of Egypt where Israel agreed to withdraw from the Sinai Peninsula and Egypt recognized Israel's right to exist |
| Who was the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini? | Muslim religious leader of Iran, the country that took 52 Americans hostage in 1979. |
| Shortly after President _________ was sworn in on January 20, 1981, the Americans held hostage in Iran were finally released after 444 days in captivity. | Ronald Reagan |
| This president was not elected to office, but was appointed VP and then he assumed the presidency when the president resigned due to scandal. | Gerald Ford |
| This president was the first to visit to China and the Soviet Union. | Richard Nixon |
| This president sought to use moral principles as a guide for U.S. foreign policy and believed that the U.S. needed to commit itself to promoting human rights. | Jimmy Carter |
| He was president at the start of the Korean War. | Harry Truman |
| He was president who lied about the Tonkin Gulf incident. | Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) |
| He was president during the Cuban Missile Crisis. | John F. Kennedy (JFK) |
| He was the president who resigned due to the Watergate scandal. | Richard Nixon |
| He was president during the Iran Hostage Crisis. | Jimmy Carter |
| The name of Kennedy’s legislative program was ____________. | the New Frontier |
| The name of Truman’s legislative program was ____________. | the Fair Deal |
| The name of Lyndon Johnson’s legislative program was _____. | the Great Society |
| The ________ became an important dividing line between North and South Korea. | 38th parallel |
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david.frost
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