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Vital Signs SG
Objectives for Vital Signs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List four physiological components that are measured when assessing vital signs. | Body temp, pulse rate, respiration, and blood pressure. |
| List four temperature assessment sites and indicate the site that is considered the closest to core temperature. | Oral, rectal, axillary, Tympanic/ Temporal. The ear and temporal most closely reflect core body temp. |
| Name 3 types of clinical thermometers. | Electronic, chemical, and digital. |
| Discuss the difference between a fever and hyperthermia. | A fever is a body temp that exceeds 99.3 degrees F. or 37.4 degrees C. Hyperthermia is excessively high core temp. |
| Name the four phases of a fever. | Prodromal phase (nonspecific symptoms) Onset or invasion (shivering develop) Stationary phase (fever is sustained.) Resolution or deervescence (temp returns to normal. |
| Give two reasons for using a tympanic thermometer for measuring subnormal body temp. | Other clinical thermometers do not have the capacity to measure temperatures in hypothermic ranges. Second, the blood flow in the mouth, rectum, or axillae generally is so reduced that measurements are inaccurate. |
| List four signs and symptoms that accompany a subnormal body temp. | Shivering, pale, cool, and puffy skin. Impaired muscle coordination, slow pulse and respiratory rates. Irregular heart rhythm. |
| Identify 3 characteristics that are noted when assessing a patient's pulse. | Rate, rhythm, and volume. |
| Name the most commonly used site for pulse assessment and three other alternative assessment techniques that may be used. | Radial artery. Alternative techniques include, counting apical heart rate, obtaining an apical-radial rate, and using a doppler ultrasound device over a peripheral artery. |
| Explain the difference between respiration and ventilation. | Respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. (lungs and the capillary- external respiration, b/w blood and body cells is internal respiration). Ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the chest. (Inhalation and exhalation) |
| Name and explain at least four terms used to describe abnormal breathing. | Hyperventilation is rapid or deep breathing. Hypoventilation is diminished breathing. Dyspnea is difficult or labored breathing. Orthopnea is breathing facilitated by sitting up or standing. Apnea is the absence of breathing. |
| Discuss the physiologic data that can be inferred from a blood pressure measurement. | Circulating blood volume, Contractility of the heart, Cardiac output, Blood viscosity, and peripheral resistance. |
| Explain the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. | Systolic is pressure within the arterial system when the heart contracts. Diastolic is pressure within the arterial system when the heart relaxes and fills with blood. |
| Name 3 pieces of equipment that are used for assessing blood pressure. | Sphygmomanometer, inflatable cuff, and stethoscope. |
| List the five phases of Korotkoff sounds and explain how each is characterized. | Phase 1 - faint tapping, phase 2 - swishing, phase 3 - loud knocking, phase 4 - muffled, phase 5 - silence. |
| Identify alternative techniques for assessing blood pressure besides listening to Korotkoff sounds. | Palpation, automatic blood pressure, or using a doppler stethoscope. |
Created by:
Jessica Venyke
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