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Neurologic Dysfuncti
Management of Patients with Neurologic Dysfunction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| akinetic mutism | unresponsiveness to the environment; the patient makes no movement or sound but sometimes opens the eyes |
| altered level of consciousness (LOC) | when a patient is not oriented, does not follow commands, or needs persistent stimuli to achieve a state of alertness |
| brain death | irreversible loss of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem |
| coma | prolonged state of unconsciousness |
| craniectomy | surgical procedure that involves removal of a portion of the skull |
| craniotomy | surgical procedure that involves entry into the cranial vaul |
| Cushing's response | the brain's attempt to restore blood flow by increasing arterial pressure to overcome the increased intracranial pressure |
| decerebration | an abnormal body posture associated with a severe brain injury, characterized by extreme extension of the upper and lower extremities |
| decortication | an abnormal posture associated with severe brain injury, characterized by abnormal flexion of the upper extremities and extension of the lower extremities |
| epilepsy | at least two unprovoked seizures occurring more than 24 hours apart |
| herniation | abnormal protrusion of tissue through a defect or natural opening |
| intracranial pressure (ICP) | pressure exerted by the volume of the intracranial contents within the cranial vault |
| locked-in syndrome | condition resulting from a lesion in the pons in which the patient lacks all distal motor activity (paralysis) but cognition is intact |
| migraine | a severe, unrelenting headache often accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances |
| minimally conscious state | a state in which the patient demonstrates awareness but cannot communicate thoughts or feelings |
| Monro-Kellie hypothesis | theory that states due to limited space for expansion within the skull, an increase in any one of the cranial contents: brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) causes a change in the volume of the others; aka - Monro-Kellie doctrine |
| persistent vegetative state | condition in which the patient is wakeful but devoid of conscious content, without cognitive or affective mental function |
| primary headache | a headache for which no specific organic cause can be found |
| secondary headache | headache identified as a symptom of another organic disorder (e.g., brain tumor, hypertension) |
| seizures | paroxysmal transient disturbance of the brain resulting from a discharge of abnormal electrical activity |
| status epilepticus | episode in which the patient experiences multiple seizures with no recovery time in between |
| transsphenoidal | surgical approach to the pituitary via the sphenoid sinuses |
Created by:
DocMorris
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