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immuno 10
exam 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| immunosuppressives | drugs that work by downregulating immune system activity |
| promoters of tolerance | treatments that teach the body not to reject something |
| immunostimulants | drugs that upregulate immune system activity |
| immunizations | drugs that work either actively or passively to infections or neoplasia |
| when are immunosuppressives used | when the immune system is over active or to prevent transplant rejection |
| most common immunosuppressive drug | glucocorticoids. |
| how do glucocorticoids work | modifying gene expression and inducing appoptosis. down reg proinflam cytokines |
| effect of glucocorticoids at high doses | non- genomic effects b/c receptor saturation. enzyme inhibition, membrane changes, calcium changes. detrimental |
| how does calcineurin work | activates T cells by dephos TF (NFAT). increased cyto Ca. changes in gene expression. Increase in IL-2. Block T cell prolif. |
| how does mTOR work | blocks T cell prolif by inhibiting expression of pro-inflamm cyto and blocking action. anti cancer effects |
| how does mycophenolate work | inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase found in lymphocytes. prevents guanosine prod. Blocks B and T cell activation. promotes apop. |
| anti-metabolites | drugs that mimic normal cellular metabolites. |
| how do anti-metabolites work | incorporated into DNA/RNA. lead to polymerase inhibition, DNA/RNA strand breaks/ |
| how does Azathioprine work | mimics guanine and inhibits purine syn. incorporated into DNA. |
| how does methotrexate work | inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. blocks folate production. results in inhibition of T cell activation, down reg B cells, lymphocyte pro-death signals |
| how does cyclophosphamide work | by forming covalent bonds with cellular structures. interferes w/ DNA/RNA rep. results in apop. |
| only monoclonal AB for vet use | ANTI-CD-52 |
| ANTI-CD-52 function | found on all mature lymphocytes. binding induces apop, ADCC, phagocytosis, complement mediated cytosis |
| ex of active immune stimulant | IL-2 |
| ex of passive immune stimulant | IgG infusion in foal w/ FPT |
| ex of specific immune stimulant | antigen sp. vaccines |
| ex of non specific immune stimulant | mitogens (bacterial DNA). Acemannan |
| in flow cytometry cells are initially ID according to what | size (forward scatter) and granularity (side scatter) |
| CD21 and CD79 are found on what cell type | B cells |
| CD3 is found on what cell type | All T cells |
| CD4 is found on what cell type | Helper T cells |
| CD8 is found on what cell type | cytotoxic T cells |
| CD34 is found on what cell type | bone marrow derived cells |
Created by:
ejohnson17
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