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Histology Microscopy
Topic 2: Special Microscopes
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Stereo Microscope | 2 light microscopes combined Low magnification/Large focus More powerful than objective lens |
Uses for stereo microscope | Colposcope (Vaginal examination) Microsurgery Dissection (papillae) Parasitology and Pathology |
Dark Field Microscope | Cartoid filter: Blocks central light Object scatters light Object illuminated on a dark field |
Uses for Dark Field Microscope | Unstained organims Tracking movement of micro-organisms |
Principle of Phase Contrast Microscope | Varying thicknesses in object Varying refractive indices Microscope amplifies these variances |
Theory of Phase Contrast Microscope | Annulus diaphragm - Over condenser Ring of light allowed through Phase Ring - In objective lens Changes wavelength by 0.25 (lambda) Combines refracted and diffracted light |
Uses of Phase Contrast Microscope | Living cells Unstained cells Cell cultures |
Nomarsky Microscope | 2 Prisms Polarised light Prism 1: Splits light Split Light enters object close to eachother |
Nomarsky Microscope (Prism 2) | Prism 2 reassembles the light Contrast due to: Difference in refractive index not thickness |
Uses of Nomarsky Microscope | Cell cultures Unstained cells Living cells Immunostained material |
Polarisation Microscope | 2 filters Polarizator - Condensing lens Analizator - Objective lens |
Polarizator & Analizator | Filters light onto one plane Analizator is // : Field of vision is bright Analizator is perp.: Field of vision is dark |
Anisotropic | Structures that are able to rotate light to another plane. Shows up bright on a dark field eg. Crystals |
Use of Polarisation Microscope | Membrane analysis Diagnositics |
Flouresence Microscope | UV light source 2 filters pre and post specimen Specimen absorbs light, emits a light with bigger wavelength |
Colour of self fluorescing tissues: Collagen Porifines Carotinids Lipofuscin | Light Blue (Collagen) Red (Porfirines) Yellow (Carotinids/Lipofuscin) |
Flourescent Dyes (F.A.R.) | Flourescine Acridine Orange Rhodamine |
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope | Laser beam excites molecules Laser moves across the object Light focused (w/pin hole) Records image Thicker objects |
Light beams in Flouresence Microscopy | Barrier 1: 450-490 nm Barrier 2: <510 nm (reflected) > 510 nm (pass) Barrier 3: 520 to 560 nm (pass through) |