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PSYCHOBIOLOGY
PATHO PSYCHOBIOLOGY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the Diathesis-Stress Paradigm. | Focus on interaction btwn predisposition of disease (diathesis) and environment/life disturbances (stress). |
| Is Diathesis biological or psychological (experiences)? | It can be both. |
| What is Neural Plasticity? | The ability of the brain to structurally & functionally reorganize itself. |
| What is Kindling Sensisitization? | When the limbic structures of the brain become more sensitive to stimuli. |
| Give examples of when can Kindling occur? | PTSD and BiPolar Disorder |
| What type of fxns does the limbic system support? | Emotion, long term memory, behavior |
| What is Synaptic Pruning? | A Neurological regulatory process by which neural structures "PRUNE" weak or overproduced neurons into more efficient synaptic configurations. |
| In terms of circuit fxns, what is the difference btwn Pre-Adolescence and Post-Adolescence/Adolescent in Synaptic Pruning? | In Pre-Adolescence, circuits remain above threshold and compensate self despite impairments. Post Adolescence the circuits will be BELOW the threshold = disease onset. |
| Name the two structures that comprise the Limbic System. | Hippocampus and Amygdala |
| What is the role of the Hippocampus? | Information storage, info to LNG TRM MEM, Visual/Auditory memory patterns, Emotional response to memory. |
| What is the role of the Amygdala? | Aggression, Sexuality, Social Behavior, Fear/Stress Response |
| What two parts of the brain are involved in PTSD? | Amygdala and Hippocampus |
| What is the fxn of the Frontal Cortex? | Rcvs info from othr prts of brain, provides context, merges info, allows individual to plan in response to stimuli. HIGHER LVL THINKING |
| What is the fxn of the Hypothalamus? | TEMP, Feeding, Drinking, Sleep/Wake cycle, Survival |
| What is the fxn of the Parietal Lobe? | Evaluates Sensory Info, Gustatory Hallucinations, Tactile Sensation, INPUT COMES FROM THALAMUS, |
| What causes Kindling? | Repeated electrical stimuli in the brain. |
| What is the fxn of the Temporal Lobe? | Interpretation of Smell, Wernicke's Area (speech), |
| What is the first sign of Temporal Lobe disease? | Not being able to interpret smell. |
| Learning, memory, sexual behavior, aggression/submission behavior relates to what part of the brain? | Limbic System |
| What is the fxn of the Occipital Lobe? | Visual fxn/discrimination, Some Visual Memory |
| What part of the brain is associated with Reward Motivation & Addiction? | Nucleus Accumbens |
| What type of receptors are found in abundance in the Nucleus Accumbens? | Dopamine Receptors |
| What is the fxn of the Frontal Cortex? | Rcvs info from othr prts of brain, provides context, merges info, allows individual to plan in response to stimuli. HIGHER LVL THINKING |
| What is the fxn of the Hypothalamus? | TEMP, Feeding, Drinking, Sleep/Wake cycle, Survival |
| What is the fxn of the Parietal Lobe? | Evaluates Sensory Info, Gustatory Hallucinations, Tactile Sensation, INPUT COMES FROM THALAMUS, |
| What causes Kindling? | Repeated electrical stimuli in the brain. |
| What is the fxn of the Temporal Lobe? | Interpretation of Smell, Wernicke's Area (speech), |
| What is the first sign of Temporal Lobe disease? | Not being able to interpret smell. |
| Learning, memory, sexual behavior, aggression/submission behavior relates to what part of the brain? | Limbic System |
| What is the fxn of the Occipital Lobe? | Visual fxn/discrimination, Some Visual Memory |
| What part of the brain is associated with Reward Motivation & Addiction? | Nucleus Accumbens |
| What type of receptors are found in abundance in the Nucleus Accumbens? | Dopamine Receptors |
| What is the role of the neurotransmitter Glutamate? | Excitatory Neuron, Mediates Plasticity, Involved in Excitotoxic Disorders |
| What can occur when the neurotransmitter Glutamate (NMDA) affects INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM? | Cell Death |
| What is the role of the neurotransmitter GABA? | Prominent in Arousal, Post-Synaptic Inhibition of CNS |
| What neural transmitter is involved to decrease neuron excitability? | GABA |
| What part of a car can GABA be compared to? | The car's brake. |
| What is the role of Dopamine? | Enhanced cognitive activity, pleasure seeking, Purposeful Movement, Motivation, Thinking |
| What are the effects of MILD dopamine deficits? | Poor impulse cntrl, spatial ability |
| What are the effects of SEVERE dopamine deficits? | Avolition, problems w/ balance, movement disorders. |
| What are psychiatric disorders related to DOPAMINE? | Schizophrenia, Substance Abuse, Parkinson's |
| What two Dopamine pathways are affected when a pt has schizophrenia? | Mesolimbic and Mesocortical |
| Which dopamine brain pathway affects Postive Symptoms, Memory, and Emotion in Schizophrenia? | Mesolimbic (Hyperdopaminergic) |
| Which dopamine brain pathway affects Motivation Social Behaviors, Attention Planning, Negative Symptoms in pts w/ schizophrenia? | Mesocortical (Hypodopaminergic) |
| Most antipsychotic drugs affect which Dopamine pathway? | Mesolimbic (Hyperdopaminergic) |
| Where is NE synthesized? | Pons (Locus Coeruleus) |
| What is the role of NE? | Fight/Flight Response |
| What psychiatric disorder is related to NE? | Depression/Mania (BIPOLAR) |
| What occurs if a pt has too much NE? | Mania/Panic Disorder/Anxiety |
| What occurs if a pt has too little NE? | Depression |
| What may serve as triggers to Panic Disorder? | Caffeine, nicotine, lactic acid |
| What part of the brain has the highest level of Serotonin? | Pineal Body |
| What is the fxn of Serotonin? | Normal aggression, appetite, temperature, pain perceptions, MOOD STATE, Sexual interest |
| Where is Serotonin synthesized? | Raphe nuclei (BRAINSTEM) |
| If a pt has a deficit of Serotonin what is likely to occur? | Depression |
| What will an abnormal regulation of Serotonin lead to? | OCD/PTSD |
| Hallucinations, Illusions, and Delusions are what type of symptoms, NEGATIVE or POSITIVE? | POSITIVE |
| What causes POSITIVE SYMPTOMS? | Excess Dopamine |
| What type of symptoms are associated with language and cognition? | Positive Symptoms |
| What parts of the brain are involved in PTSD? | Limbic System, Hypothalamus, Locus Coerulus (Pons) |
| What neurotransmitters are involved in PTSD? | NE, GABA, Glutamate, 5-HT, Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) |
| What are the hormonal influences of Anorexia? | Impaired somatostatin activity (inhibition of glucagon and GH) |
| What type of hormones do DEPRESSED pts synthesize? | ↑ CRH (Hypothalamus), ↑ ACTH (Anterior Pituitary), ↑ Glucocorticoids (Adrenal Cortex). HPA Axis |
| What are the neurotransmitters involved in OCD? | 5-HT |
| What parts of the brain are involved in OCD? | ↑ Pre Frontal Cortex & Basal Ganglia activity |
Created by:
jesusrvillarreal
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