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Nutrition Ch 1-4 &7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Marasmus | a type of protein energy malnutrition resulting from severe deficiency or impaired absorption of calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals. |
| Basal metabolic rate | amount of calories expended in a 24hr period to fuel the involuntary activity of the body at rest. |
| Metabolism | the total of all chemical processes that occur in living cells. |
| Absorption | occurs as components of nutrients pass thru the digestive system into the bloodstream and lymphatic system. |
| Digestion | process that includes the breakdown and absorption of nutrients. |
| Positive nitrogen balance | indicates that the intake of nitrogen exceeds excretion. The body builds more tissue than it breaks down. This happens during periods of growth, infancy, childhood, adolescence, pregnancy |
| Negative nitrogen balance | indicates that the excretion of nitrogen exceeds intake. The individual is receiving insufficient protein, and the body is breaking down more tissue than it is building, seen in periods of illness, trauma, aging and malnutrition. |
| Protein complementation | food sources that are incomplete proteins eaten alone, but together are equivalent to a complete protein. It is not necessary to consume complementary proteins at the same time, just a variety throughout the day. |
| Deamination | the removal of an amino group from an amino acid or other compound. |
| Know about bile, and glycogen functions, and main organs affected by these. | fluid that aids in digestion, and is secreted by the liver and stored by the gallbladder; excess energy nutrients are stored, glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in liver; the liver removes excess amino acids |
| Carbohydrates (4 calories per gram) | found primarily in plant foods; exception dairy products; carbs are found in sugars, sugar alcohols, starches, and dietary fiber. examples: vegetables, whole fruit, legumes, potatoes and whole grains |
| Proteins (4 calories per gram) 0.8 g/kg recommended for healthy adults | provided by plant and animal sources; (complete- animal sources and soy) incomplete- plant sources: beans, peas, dairy, eggs, grains, veggies, meats, poultry, nuts and seeds, seafood, soy products. |
| Fats/ lipids (9 calories per gram) | found in dark meat, poultry skin, dairy, added oils- margarine, butter, shortening, lard |
| What is urea? | main nitrogenous breakdown product of protein metabolism in mammals and is excreted in urine. |
| What is hydrogenation? | a process in which a liquid unsaturated fat is turned into a solid fat by adding hydrogen. During this manufactured partially hydrogenated processing, a type of fat called trans fat is made. |
| Monosaccharides (simple sugars) | fructose, galactose, glucose ; are small enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream. |
| Disaccharides (contain 2 molecules of sugar) | are broken down in your body into single sugars: Sucrose (table sugar) = glucose + fructose; Lactose (milk sugar)= glucose + galactose ; Maltose (malt sugar) = glucose + glucose |
| Identify which hormone deals with metabolic rate of the body? | Tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine, or T4) and triiodothyronine T3) An oversecretion of thyroid hormones (hyperthroidism) speeds up BMR; undersecretion - hypothyroidism lowers BMR. |
| What foods are associated with atherosclerosis? | fatty or marbled meats, chicken wings, hot dogs and sausages, bacon |
| What are indispensable amino acids (9)? Identify foods. | Essential amino acids, the body cannot make them. they must be taken in from foods. ex. meat, eggs, tofu, soy, buckwheat, quinoa, and dairy |
| Examples of simple carbs? | raw sugar, brown sugar, corn syrup, glucose, sucrose, and fructose, |
| What are some foods high in iron? | shellfish, spinach, liver and other organ meats, red meat, pumpkin seeds |
| What are triglycerides? | comprised of fatty acids, which include saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. Saturated- solid at room temp and found primarily in animal sources. Unsaturated (MUFA, and PUFA) plant sources |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids | olives, canola oil, avocado, peanuts |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids | corn, wheat germ, soybean, safflower, sunflower, and fish |
| What is gelatin? | translucent, colorless, flavorless food ingredient derived from collagen taken from animal body parts. (protein) |
| Incomplete protein | generally from plant sources, can contain an insufficient number or quantity of amino acids |
| Complete protein | from animal sources and soy, contain sufficient amounts of all 9 essential amino acids. |
Created by:
Jessica Venyke
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