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Infection/Immunity
Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pathogen | microorganism capable of producing disease |
| communicable | infection transmitted from person to person |
| pathogenicity | ability to cause disease |
| virulence | degree of communicability; severity and ability to infect host, how easily is spreads |
| normal flora | characteristic bacteria of a body location, often compete with other microorganisms to prevent infections; presence effects other organisms ability to reproduce |
| surveillance | tracking and reporting of infections |
| microbiome | an organisms own normal flora |
| transmission of infection | source, susceptible host, mode of transmission |
| routes of transmission | respiratory tract, GI tract, genitourinary tract, skin/mucous membranes, bloodstream |
| methods of transmission | contact, droplet, airborne, vector borne, |
| physiologic defenses | body tissues, phagocytosis, inflammation, immune system |
| immunocompetent | when all the different parts and functions of inflammation and immunity are working well; point of maximum protection against infection |
| self tolerance | recognizing self vs. nonself; necessary to prevent healthy body cells from being destroyed along with invaders; immune system cells are the only cells capable of determining self from nonself |
| immune system is able to recognize self from nonself b/c | individuals unique proteins present on cell membranes call human leukocyte antigens (HLA); complicates organ transplants |
| antigens | proteins capable of stimulating an immune response (nonself or another persons proteins) |
| antibodies | blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen; combine chemically with substances that the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood |
| mature neutrophils (segs) | only stage capable of phagocytosis; the higher number of mature circulating neutrophils, the greater the resistance to infection (absolute neutrophil count- (ANC) |
| immature neutrophils (bands or stabs) | may be released into the blood prematurely during overwhelming infection such as sepsis (left shift); high band count= overwhelming infection |
| health care associated infection (HAI) | acquired in inpatient setting that is not present at admission; hands, UTI from foley, central line acquired, ventilator infection |
| endogenous infection | from patients flora; candida, C-diff, staph |
| exogenous infection | from outside the patient; often from tubes, implants, healthcare workers hands |
| methods of infection control and prevention | hand hygiene, disinfection/sterilization, standard precautions, transmission based precautions, cohorting |
| most common drug resistant organisms | methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) carbapenem-resistant enterococcus (CRE) |
Created by:
melsniv
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